Yang Zinong, Williams Stephanie D, Beldzik Ewa, Anakwe Stephanie, Schimmelpfennig Emilia, Lewis Laura D
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
bioRxiv. 2024 Nov 15:2024.11.15.623271. doi: 10.1101/2024.11.15.623271.
Sleep deprivation rapidly disrupts cognitive function, and in the long term contributes to neurological disease. Why sleep deprivation has such profound effects on cognition is not well understood. Here, we use simultaneous fast fMRI-EEG to test how sleep deprivation modulates cognitive, neural, and fluid dynamics in the human brain. We demonstrate that after sleep deprivation, sleep-like pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow events intrude into the awake state. CSF flow is coupled to attentional function, with high flow during attentional impairment. Furthermore, CSF flow is tightly orchestrated in a series of brain-body changes including broadband neuronal shifts, pupil constriction, and altered systemic physiology, pointing to a coupled system of fluid dynamics and neuromodulatory state. The timing of these dynamics is consistent with a vascular mechanism regulated by neuromodulatory state, in which CSF begins to flow outward when attention fails, and flow reverses when attention recovers. The attentional costs of sleep deprivation may thus reflect an irrepressible need for neuronal rest periods and widespread pulsatile fluid flow.
睡眠剥夺会迅速破坏认知功能，长期来看还会导致神经疾病。睡眠剥夺为何对认知有如此深远的影响，目前尚不清楚。在此，我们使用同步快速功能磁共振成像-脑电图来测试睡眠剥夺如何调节人脑中的认知、神经和流体动力学。我们证明，睡眠剥夺后，类似睡眠的脉动性脑脊液（CSF）流动事件会侵入清醒状态。脑脊液流动与注意力功能相关联，在注意力受损时流动增强。此外，脑脊液流动在一系列脑-体变化中紧密协调，包括宽带神经元变化、瞳孔收缩和全身生理改变，这表明存在一个流体动力学和神经调节状态的耦合系统。这些动力学的时间与由神经调节状态调节的血管机制一致，即当注意力不集中时脑脊液开始向外流动，当注意力恢复时流动逆转。因此，睡眠剥夺的注意力成本可能反映了对神经元休息期和广泛脉动性流体流动的不可抑制的需求。
