探索利益相关者对老年患者从医院到家庭过渡性护理需求的看法：中国山西省的一项现象学研究
Exploring Stakeholder Perspectives on the Transitional Care Needs of Elderly Patients from Hospital to Home: A Phenomenological Study in Shanxi Province, China.
作者信息
Li Wanling, Shi Shufang, Shi Yajie, Feng Xiaofang, Li Yueqin, Guo Yuli, Xu Jiajia, Cui Liping, Wang Mei
机构信息
Department of Comprehensive Medical, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
Department of Nursing, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, People's Republic of China.
出版信息
J Multidiscip Healthc. 2024 Nov 22;17:5457-5471. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S484187. eCollection 2024.
BACKGROUND
Elderly patients, due to their complex medical conditions and extensive care needs, are at risk of experiencing low-quality or fragmented care during transitions between different healthcare settings. After transitioning from hospital to home, inadequate self-care abilities may result in further health deterioration and increased risks of adverse outcomes. Currently, China lacks effective transitional support services from hospital to home, hindering the smooth transition for elderly patients. Therefore, understanding the specific care needs of elderly patients during this period provides a scientific basis for establishing reasonable transitional support services.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to explore the transitional care needs of elderly patients during the hospital-to-home transition, as perceived by key stakeholders-patients, caregivers, and nurses-using Shanxi Province as a case example.
METHODS
A descriptive phenomenological method was employed in this study. Purposeful sampling selected 10 elderly patients, 5 caregivers, and 5 nursing staff from a tertiary hospital in Shanxi Province, China, for semi-structured in-depth interviews. The Colaizzi's analysis was used in data analysis.
RESULTS
The transitional care needs of elderly patients from hospital to home can be summarized into four themes: the need to enhance self-care abilities, the need for professional guidance, the need for social and psychological support, and the need for healthcare service resources.
CONCLUSION
Elderly patients have diverse care needs during the hospital-to-home transition, which require urgent attention and support. To address these needs, healthcare professionals should conduct comprehensive assessments during the patients' hospitalization, accurately identifying care issues and implementing team-based interventions. By fulfilling these needs, healthcare providers can ensure that elderly patients are well-prepared psychologically, possess sufficient knowledge and self-care skills, and have access to comprehensive support services from hospitals and communities as they transition from professional hospital care to home self-care.
背景
老年患者由于其复杂的病情和广泛的护理需求，在不同医疗环境之间转换时，面临接受低质量或碎片化护理的风险。从医院过渡到家庭后，自我护理能力不足可能导致健康状况进一步恶化，不良后果风险增加。目前，中国缺乏有效的从医院到家庭的过渡支持服务，阻碍了老年患者的顺利过渡。因此，了解老年患者在此期间的具体护理需求，为建立合理的过渡支持服务提供了科学依据。
目的
本研究旨在以山西省为例，探讨关键利益相关者（患者、照顾者和护士）所感知的老年患者从医院到家庭过渡期间的过渡护理需求。
方法
本研究采用描述性现象学方法。通过目的抽样，从中国山西省一家三级医院选取了10名老年患者、5名照顾者和5名护理人员进行半结构式深入访谈。数据分析采用Colaizzi分析法。
结果
老年患者从医院到家庭的过渡护理需求可归纳为四个主题：提高自我护理能力的需求、专业指导的需求、社会和心理支持的需求以及医疗服务资源的需求。
结论
老年患者在从医院到家庭的过渡期间有多样化的护理需求，需要迫切关注和支持。为满足这些需求，医疗专业人员应在患者住院期间进行全面评估，准确识别护理问题并实施基于团队的干预措施。通过满足这些需求，医疗服务提供者可以确保老年患者在心理上做好充分准备，具备足够的知识和自我护理技能，并在从专业医院护理过渡到家庭自我护理时，能够获得来自医院和社区的全面支持服务。
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