Reeve T G, Mackey L J, Fober G W
Percept Mot Skills. 1986 Feb;62(1):243-52. doi: 10.2466/pms.1986.62.1.243.
In previous studies subjects who have learned a positioning response with kinesthetic feedback tended to make greater errors when visual feedback was provided during later trials. These subjects have always performed with both kinesthetic and visual feedback available. This study determined whether subjects with only visual feedback would produce errors similar to those who received kinesthetic plus visual feedback. Blindfolded subjects learned to move a handle to a criterion location with knowledge of results following each trial. Subjects then were assigned to one of three experimental groups, with only kinesthetic feedback, with kinesthetic plus visual feedback, or with only visual feedback. Subjects had 9 trials without knowledge of results in these feedback conditions. When visual feedback was available, subjects tended to make longer response errors. This finding replicates previous studies. Also, the similarity of performances from the conditions with visual feedback indicated the dominance of visual information in the condition with kinesthetic plus visual feedback.
在先前的研究中，那些通过动觉反馈学习定位反应的受试者，在后续试验中提供视觉反馈时往往会出现更大的误差。这些受试者一直都是在动觉和视觉反馈都可用的情况下进行操作的。本研究确定了仅接受视觉反馈的受试者是否会产生与那些接受动觉加视觉反馈的受试者类似的误差。蒙眼受试者在每次试验后根据结果知晓的情况下学习将手柄移至标准位置。然后将受试者分配到三个实验组之一，分别是仅接受动觉反馈、接受动觉加视觉反馈或仅接受视觉反馈。在这些反馈条件下，受试者进行了9次无结果知晓的试验。当有视觉反馈时，受试者往往会出现更长的反应误差。这一发现重复了先前的研究。此外，有视觉反馈条件下的表现相似性表明，在动觉加视觉反馈条件下视觉信息占主导地位。
