Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Public Health - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil.
Vital Strategies - São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2024 Nov 22;27:e240052. doi: 10.1590/1980-549720240052. eCollection 2024.
To estimate the prevalence of COVID-19 diagnosis and hospital admissions, and to evaluate their correlates in a nationwide Brazilian sample.
A cross-sectional study was carried out with secondary data from the Telephone Survey of Risk Factors for Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in Times of Pandemic - Covitel 2022. The Covitel study uses cluster sampling, carried out through random digit dialing on landlines and cell phones, among people aged 18 years or over. The outcome of the "diagnosis of COVID-19" was based on a self-report of a confirmed case through laboratory tests or medical diagnoses. Those who reported COVID-19 were asked about the need for hospital admission due to COVID-19. Independent variables included sex, age, level of education, region, comorbidity, private health insurance plan, self-rated health, and employment status. The odds ratio was estimated using logistic regression models considering the complex sample design.
From the sample of 9000 people, the prevalence of COVID-19 diagnosis was 25.4% (95%CI 23.8-27.1%), ranging from 23.0% (95%CI 20.0-26.3%) in the Northeast region to 28.5% (95%CI 25.3-31.7%) in the South region. Middle-aged adults (35-44 years old) had the highest prevalence of COVID-19 diagnosis. The higher the level of education, the higher the prevalence of COVID-19 diagnosis.
The prevalence of COVID-19 diagnosis is markedly different from that of SARS-CoV-2 infection at the population level. Socioeconomic differences in access to testing are the likely explanation. Older adults and people with comorbidities were more likely to be admitted to hospital due to COVID-19 in Brazil.
估计 COVID-19 诊断和住院的流行率，并评估巴西全国样本中这些因素的相关性。
这是一项使用来自大流行期间慢性非传染性疾病危险因素的电话调查 - Covitel 2022 的二次数据进行的横断面研究。Covitel 研究采用聚类抽样，通过固定电话和手机上的随机数字拨号，对 18 岁及以上的人群进行抽样。“COVID-19 诊断”的结果基于通过实验室检测或医疗诊断报告的确诊病例的自我报告。那些报告 COVID-19 的人被问及因 COVID-19 住院的需求。自变量包括性别、年龄、教育程度、地区、合并症、私人医疗保险计划、自我评估的健康状况和就业状况。使用逻辑回归模型估计比值比，考虑到复杂的样本设计。
在 9000 人的样本中，COVID-19 诊断的流行率为 25.4%（95%CI 23.8-27.1%），从东北地区的 23.0%（95%CI 20.0-26.3%）到南部地区的 28.5%（95%CI 25.3-31.7%）不等。中年成年人（35-44 岁）COVID-19 诊断的流行率最高。教育程度越高，COVID-19 诊断的流行率越高。
COVID-19 诊断的流行率在人群水平上与 SARS-CoV-2 感染显著不同。获得检测的社会经济差异可能是原因。在巴西，老年患者和合并症患者因 COVID-19 住院的可能性更高。
