Kohn Eduardo Ribes, Bohlke Maristela, Almeida Antônia, Janelli Leandro, Sardinha Luciana Monteiro Vasconcelos, Wehrmeister Fernando C, Hallal Pedro Curi
Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
Braz J Infect Dis. 2025 Jan-Feb;29(1):104496. doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2024.104496. Epub 2024 Dec 21.
To outline the features of COVID-19 in Brazil through a countrywide telephone survey.
Data from the Telephone Survey of Risk Factors for Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases During the Pandemic (Covitel), a telephone survey of individuals aged 18 years or older from all macro-regions of Brazil, were used. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics and outcomes related to COVID-19 infection, severity, vaccination, and use of masks.
Data revealed that 34.7 % (95 %CI 32.4 - 37.1) of the population had been diagnosed with COVID-19, and 10.1 % (95 %CI 7.9 - 12.7) of those required hospital admission. The prevalence of COVID-19 diagnosis increased with education level: <8 years (26.6 % [95 %CI 23.1 - 30.7]), 9-11 years (33.4 % [95 %CI 29.4 - 37.7]), and >11 years (53.2 % [95 % CI 49.7 - 56.8]). Nevertheless, the hospitalization rate of Brazilians with more than eleven years of education was lower (5.8 % [95 %CI 4.3 - 7.6]). In 2023, 92.9 % (95 %CI 90.9 - 94.4) of the Brazilian population was fully vaccinated against COVID-19, but only 37.2 % (95 %CI 33.5 - 40.9) have received the updated vaccinal scheme (two doses and two boosters). During the pandemic outbreak, 81.9 % (95 %CI 79.4 - 84.2) reported always using face masks. However, only 16.1 % (95 %CI 13.5 - 19.0) maintained this practice in 2023.
There were inequalities in COVID-19 testing in Brazil. Testing and vaccination policies implemented in the COVID-19 pandemic must be reevaluated by the Brazilian government.
通过一项全国性电话调查概述巴西新冠肺炎的特征。
使用了大流行期间慢性非传染性疾病风险因素电话调查（Covitel）的数据，该调查对巴西所有宏观区域18岁及以上的个人进行电话访谈。问卷包括社会人口学特征以及与新冠病毒感染、严重程度、疫苗接种和口罩使用相关的结果。
数据显示，34.7%（95%置信区间32.4 - 37.1）的人口被诊断感染过新冠病毒，其中10.1%（95%置信区间7.9 - 12.7）需要住院治疗。新冠病毒诊断的患病率随教育程度升高而增加：<8年教育程度者为26.6%（95%置信区间23.1 - 30.7），9 - 11年教育程度者为33.4%（95%置信区间29.4 - 37.7），>11年教育程度者为53.%（95%置信区间49.7 - 56.8）。然而，教育年限超过11年的巴西人的住院率较低（5.8%[95%置信区间4.3 - 7.6]）。2023年，92.9%（95%置信区间90.9 - 94.4）的巴西人口完成了新冠病毒疫苗全程接种，但只有37.2%（95%置信区间33.5 - 40.9）接种了更新后的疫苗接种方案（两剂疫苗和两剂加强针）。在疫情爆发期间，81.9%（95%置信区间79.4 - 84.2）的人报告一直使用口罩。然而，2023年只有16.1%（95%置信区间13.5 - 19.0）的人保持了这一习惯。
巴西在新冠病毒检测方面存在不平等现象。巴西政府必须重新评估在新冠疫情期间实施的检测和疫苗接种政策。
