Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
Clin Exp Med. 2024 Nov 28;25(1):12. doi: 10.1007/s10238-024-01523-9.
The term "microbiome" refers to the collection of bacterial species that reside in the human body's tissues. Sometimes, it is used to refer to all microbial entities (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and others) which colonize the human body. It is now generally acknowledged that the microbiome plays a critical role in the host's physiological processes and general well-being. Changes in the structure and/or function of the microbiome (dysbiosis) are linked to the development of many diseases including cancer. The claim that because of their negatively charged membrane, cancer cells are more vulnerable to some bacteria than normal cells and that is how the link between these bacteria and cancer evolved has been refuted. Furthermore, the relationship between the microbiome and cancer is more evident in the emerging field of cancer immunotherapy. In this narrative review, we detailed the correlation between the presence/absence of specific bacterial species and the development, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of some types of cancer including colorectal, lung, breast, and prostate cancer. In addition, we discussed the mechanisms of microbiome-cancer interactions including genotoxin production, the role of free radicals, modification of signaling pathways in host cells, immune modulation, and modulation of drug metabolism by microbiome. Future directions and clinical application of microbiome in the early detection, prognosis, and treatment of cancer emphasizing on the role of fecal transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, and microbiome biomarkers were also considered.
“微生物组”一词指的是存在于人体组织中的细菌种类集合。有时，它也被用来指代定植于人体的所有微生物实体（细菌、病毒、真菌等）。现在人们普遍认为，微生物组在宿主的生理过程和整体健康中起着关键作用。微生物组的结构和/或功能的变化（失调）与许多疾病的发展有关，包括癌症。有人声称，由于其带负电荷的膜，癌细胞比正常细胞更容易受到某些细菌的攻击，而这些细菌与癌症之间的联系就是这样演变而来的，这种说法已经被驳斥。此外，在癌症免疫治疗这一新兴领域，微生物组与癌症之间的关系更为明显。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们详细描述了特定细菌种类的存在/缺失与某些类型癌症（包括结直肠癌、肺癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌）的发展、诊断、预后和治疗之间的相关性。此外，我们还讨论了微生物组-癌症相互作用的机制，包括遗传毒素的产生、自由基的作用、宿主细胞信号通路的修饰、免疫调节以及微生物组对药物代谢的调节。我们还考虑了微生物组在癌症早期检测、预后和治疗中的未来方向和临床应用，强调了粪便移植、益生菌、益生元和微生物组生物标志物的作用。
