Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.
Interuniversity Research Center in Environmental Psychology (CIRPA), University of Rome "La Sapienza", Via Dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Cogn Res Princ Implic. 2024 Nov 28;9(1):78. doi: 10.1186/s41235-024-00605-2.
The widely utilized Global Positioning System (GPS) plays a crucial role in everyday navigation. The literature has predominantly focused on GPS use for reaching destinations rather than exploring its various strategic applications and relations with individual factors. The current paper is intended to develop a GPS Uses Scale assessing a variety of GPS uses for wayfinding and other GPS uses (Study 1). We also examine whether GPS uses are related to gender, age, self-efficacy and pleasure in exploring, dependence on GPS devices, and environment knowledge (Study 2). In Study 1, 365 participants completed the new GPS Uses Scale and the McGill GPS questionnaire, for assessing validity. Results from the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a structure as five-level factors, good reliability, and validity. In Study 2, 200 participants completed the GPS Uses Scale, self-efficacy and pleasure in exploring scale, GPS dependence scale, and a sketch map task after learning a virtual city from a video. Results from the linear model showed that those who use GPS for strategic purposes reported higher self-efficacy and pleasure in exploring as well as dependence on GPS. Moreover, those who use GPS for orientation purposes reported higher dependency on GPS and had higher scores on the map task (environment knowledge). Men were less likely to use GPS for orientation. The present paper outlines the importance of assessing the various uses of GPS, suggesting self-efficacy and dependence on GPS, and contributes to its strategic use.
全球定位系统（GPS）被广泛应用于日常导航中。文献主要集中于研究 GPS 如何帮助人们到达目的地，而较少探讨其各种战略应用以及与个体因素的关系。本文旨在开发一种 GPS 使用量表，评估在寻路和其他 GPS 使用方面的各种 GPS 使用情况（研究 1）。我们还研究了 GPS 使用是否与性别、年龄、自我效能感和探索乐趣、对 GPS 设备的依赖以及环境知识有关（研究 2）。在研究 1 中，365 名参与者完成了新的 GPS 使用量表和麦吉尔 GPS 问卷，以评估其有效性。验证性因素分析的结果证实了该量表具有五因素结构、良好的可靠性和有效性。在研究 2 中，200 名参与者在观看视频学习一个虚拟城市后，完成了 GPS 使用量表、自我效能感和探索乐趣量表、GPS 依赖量表和草图任务。线性模型的结果表明，那些出于战略目的使用 GPS 的人报告说自我效能感和探索乐趣更高，对 GPS 的依赖程度更高。此外，那些出于定向目的使用 GPS 的人对 GPS 的依赖程度更高，在地图任务（环境知识）上的得分也更高。男性更不可能出于定向目的使用 GPS。本文概述了评估 GPS 各种用途的重要性，提出了自我效能感和对 GPS 的依赖，并促进了 GPS 的战略使用。
