Danish Heart Foundation, Vognmagergade 7, Copenhagen, 1120, Denmark.
Department of Cardiology, Roskilde University Hospital, Zealand, Denmark.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Nov 28;24(1):3319. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20758-5.
We aimed to investigate how self-reported physical and cognitive limitations (challenges), self-efficacy, and social support interacted with life satisfaction in adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) or acquired heart disease, among whom life satisfaction may be impaired.
"Adolescence with Heart Disease" was a cross-sectional, nationwide survey of patients with CHD or early acquired heart disease aged 15-25. Structural equation modeling was used to test the implied latent variable mediation model between the main outcome of interest (life satisfaction) and challenges, social support, and self-efficacy. The correlation factors between life satisfaction and the latent variables with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
A total of 1691 patients were included: 72% had CHD, 52% were females, the median age at response was 20 years [interquartile range: 18;23], and 69% reported high life satisfaction. In the univariate models, high life satisfaction was significantly associated with low challenges (-0.5 [CI: -0.6;-0.5]), high self-efficacy (0.8 [CI: 0.7; 0.8]), and high social support (0.4 [CI: 0.3; 0.5]). In the multivariate model, only self-efficacy remained significantly associated with life satisfaction (0.8 [CI: 0.7; 0.9]). Furthermore, there was a significant negative covariance between challenges and both self-efficacy (-0.67) and social support (-0.4), while the two latter variables had a positive covariance (0.55).
In adolescents with heart disease, high life satisfaction was associated with high levels of self-efficacy. High levels of self-efficacy and social support attenuated the association between physical and cognitive challenges and life satisfaction. In this group that may face higher challenges than their peers, future interventions should aim to increase their self-efficacy to improve their life satisfaction, potentially through promoting social support.
我们旨在探讨在患有先天性心脏病（CHD）或后天性心脏病的青少年和年轻人中，自我报告的身体和认知限制（挑战）、自我效能感和社会支持如何与生活满意度相互作用，因为他们的生活满意度可能会受到影响。
“患有心脏病的青春期”是一项针对 15-25 岁患有 CHD 或早期后天性心脏病的患者的全国性横断面研究。结构方程模型用于测试主要研究结果（生活满意度）与挑战、社会支持和自我效能感之间隐含的潜在变量中介模型。使用 95%置信区间（CI）计算生活满意度与潜在变量之间的相关因素。
共纳入 1691 例患者：72%患有 CHD，52%为女性，应答时的中位年龄为 20 岁[四分位间距：18；23]，69%报告生活满意度高。在单变量模型中，高生活满意度与低挑战显著相关（-0.5[CI：-0.6；-0.5]）、高自我效能感（0.8[CI：0.7；0.8]）和高社会支持（0.4[CI：0.3；0.5]）。在多变量模型中，只有自我效能感与生活满意度显著相关（0.8[CI：0.7；0.9]）。此外，挑战与自我效能感（-0.67）和社会支持（-0.4）之间存在显著的负协方差，而后两者之间存在正协方差（0.55）。
在患有心脏病的青少年中，高生活满意度与高水平的自我效能感相关。高水平的自我效能感和社会支持减弱了身体和认知挑战与生活满意度之间的关联。在这个可能面临比同龄人更高挑战的群体中，未来的干预措施应旨在通过提高自我效能感来提高他们的生活满意度，可能是通过促进社会支持。
