Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England (UWE Bristol), Bristol, UK.
Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
BMC Psychol. 2024 Nov 28;12(1):703. doi: 10.1186/s40359-024-02209-3.
Although mental health issues among Indonesian adolescents are of growing concern, a psychometrically valid measure of affect in Indonesia to inform related research and prevention and treatment efforts does not exist.
The present study's aim was to culturally adapt and validate the widely used Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C) among Indonesian adolescents. The original 30-item PANAS-C in English underwent forward and back translations to Bahasa Indonesia (the national language of Indonesia) followed by cognitive interviews with private and public school students ages 12-15 (n = 18). The adapted PANAS-C and measures to assess convergent validity were completed by 704 Indonesian adolescents from Greater Jakarta and the Javanese city of Surabaya (M = 13.56, SD = 0.906) (56.96% girls; 42.75% boys; 0.28% other). Most participants identified their ethnicity as Javanese (72.59%), Betawi (8.24%), or Sundanese (3.41%).
Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, which resulted in 26 items with a two-factor structure consistent with the original PANAS-C: A 12-item Positive Affect subscale and a 14-item Negative Affect subscale. Internal consistency was satisfactory for the Positive Affect subscale (Cronbach's alpha was 0.88; McDonald's omega was 0.88) and excellent for the Negative Affect subscale (Cronbach's alpha was 0.90; McDonald's omega was 0.89). Test-retest reliability was acceptable for all items, and convergent validity was confirmed by significant correlations with measures of distress and well-being.
The adapted PANAS-C was found to be a reliable and valid measure of positive and negative affect that can be used with Indonesian adolescent girls and boys. This is the first validated measure of positive and negative affect for young people in Indonesia, which fills a need in mental health research and practice.
尽管印度尼西亚青少年的心理健康问题越来越受到关注，但印度尼西亚缺乏一种经过心理测量学验证的评估情感的工具，无法为相关研究、预防和治疗工作提供信息。
本研究旨在对广泛应用于儿童的正性负性情绪量表（PANAS-C）进行文化调适和验证，使之适用于印度尼西亚青少年。原始的 30 项 PANAS-C 英文量表经过正向和反向翻译，形成印度尼西亚语（印度尼西亚的国家语言）版本，然后对来自私立和公立学校的 12-15 岁学生（n=18）进行认知访谈。704 名来自雅加达和爪哇城市泗水的印度尼西亚青少年（M=13.56，SD=0.906）（56.96%为女生；42.75%为男生；0.28%为其他性别）完成了经调适的 PANAS-C 和评估聚合效度的量表。大多数参与者将自己的族群身份识别为爪哇人（72.59%）、巴达维人（8.24%）或巽他人（3.41%）。
进行了探索性和验证性因素分析，结果显示 26 项条目具有与原始 PANAS-C 一致的两因素结构：一个 12 项条目组成的正性情绪分量表和一个 14 项条目组成的负性情绪分量表。正性情绪分量表的内部一致性较好（Cronbach's alpha 为 0.88；McDonald's omega 为 0.88），负性情绪分量表的内部一致性极佳（Cronbach's alpha 为 0.90；McDonald's omega 为 0.89）。所有项目的重测信度均为可接受水平，与困扰和幸福感的测量结果呈显著相关，验证了聚合效度。
调适后的 PANAS-C 被证明是一种可靠且有效的正性和负性情绪评估工具，可用于评估印度尼西亚青少年的女孩和男孩。这是在印度尼西亚青少年中验证的第一个正性和负性情绪评估工具，满足了心理健康研究和实践的需求。
