Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1438 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
BMC Psychiatry. 2024 Nov 28;24(1):856. doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-06309-7.
Suicide is a global public health concern that affects more than 700,000 people globally every year. Seasonal variation in suicide rates is a phenomenon that has been well-documented, but recent data on the seasonality of suicide within specific age groups and sex in the United States remains less well understood.
Publicly available data on monthly suicides was obtained from the Underlying Cause of Death database, CDC WONDER, from 2015-2020. The incidence of summer suicides, from June, July and August, for two groups, 15-24 and ages 25 + , was calculated and a two-sided test was performed. Seasonal Decomposition analysis was performed and time series created from 2015-2020 for every age group then converted into Trend, Seasonality, and Residual respectively.
For Americans ages 15-24, the highest spike in suicides was in autumn, September-October, with a trough in June. This is the only age group in which this occurred, differing from previous understanding of the seasonality of suicide in the literature. With all other age groups (25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, 75 +) there was a consistent pattern of a peak in late spring/early summer, a small peak in fall, and a trough in late winter.
There is a seasonal variation in suicide deaths in the United States with the youngest group, ages 15-24, presenting a different pattern compared to other ages. There were no significant differences in suicide seasonality by sex.
自杀是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，每年影响着全球超过 70 万人。自杀率的季节性变化是一个已经得到充分记录的现象，但美国特定年龄组和性别的自杀季节性的最新数据仍了解较少。
从 2015 年至 2020 年，从美国疾病控制与预防中心的 Wonder 数据库中获取了关于每月自杀的公开可用数据。计算了两个年龄组（15-24 岁和 25 岁及以上）夏季自杀（6 月、7 月和 8 月）的发生率，并进行了双侧检验。进行了季节性分解分析，并为每个年龄组创建了 2015 年至 2020 年的时间序列，然后分别转换为趋势、季节性和残差。
对于 15-24 岁的美国人，自杀的最高峰值出现在秋季，即 9 月至 10 月，6 月出现低谷。这是唯一出现这种情况的年龄组，与文献中以前对自杀季节性的理解不同。对于所有其他年龄组（25-34 岁、35-44 岁、45-54 岁、55-64 岁、65-74 岁、75 岁及以上），均呈现出春季末/初夏高峰、秋季小高峰和冬季末低谷的一致模式。
美国的自杀死亡存在季节性变化，年龄最小的 15-24 岁组与其他年龄组的模式不同。自杀季节性在性别方面没有显著差异。
