Construction and verification of prediction model for postoperative hypokalemia in patients with oral cancer.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to explore the risk factors of postoperative hypokalemia in patients with oral cancer and to provide a basis for preventing and controlling postoperative hypokalemia.

METHODS

We included 366 patients undergoing oral cancer surgery in the Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University from January 2022 to August 2022. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the risk factors of postoperative hypokalemia. The receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve was used to quantify the effectiveness of the factors. A nomogram of the risk factors for postoperative hypokalemia in oral cancer patients was developed and validated.

RESULTS

A total of 224 patients (61.20%) had postoperative hypokalemia, the lowest serum potassium level (3.50±0.35) mmol/L on the 4th day after surgery, and the highest incidence of hypokalemia (54.68%). Variables with <0.05 in the univariate analysis were quantified by ROC curve followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results showed an independent correlation with postoperative hypokalemia as follows: preoperative serum potassium<3.87 mmol/L (=0.008), preoperative serum calcium<2.31 mmol/L (=0.033), preoperative PNI<49.16 (=0.032), postoperative drainage volume>264.25 mL (=0.002). The above variables were constructed into a postoperative hypokalemia risk nomogram and verified, and a good degree of fit was found.

CONCLUSIONS

The independent risk factors for postoperative hypokalemia in patients with oral cancer were as follows: preoperative serum potassium<3.87 mmol/L, preoperative serum calcium<2.31 mmol/L, preoperative PNI<49.16, and postoperative drainage volume>264.25 mL. Clinical attention should be paid to managing the above high-risk patients. Preventive potassium supplementation should be performed as soon as possible to reduce hypokalemia occurrence.