Jafari Akbar, Mirbehbahani Seyed Hamidreza, Golestani Ali, Soltani Akbar, Sajjadi-Jazi Sayed Mahmoud, Khosravi Sepehr, Tabatabaei-Malazy Ozra, Farzadfar Farshad, Larijani Bagher
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Evidence based Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2024 Sep 23;23(2):2315-2328. doi: 10.1007/s40200-024-01498-0. eCollection 2024 Dec.
People with hypertension are more susceptible to developing cardiometabolic risk factors including overweight, obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aim to determine the trends in the prevalence of these risk factors among Iranian adults with hypertension from 2007 to 2021.
We utilized data for adults from 25 to 64 years old from four rounds of the STEPwise approach to non-communicable diseases risk factor surveillance (STEPS) study conducted in Iran in 2007, 2011, 2016, and 2021. Direct standardization by age, sex, and residency area was conducted using the 2016 Iranian census population. Weighted least squares linear regression was performed to assess the statistical changes in the trends.
Overall, 21,088 participants were included in this study. From 2007 to 2021, the standardized prevalence of hypertension among adults did not change significantly (from 24.5 to 22.8%). Dyslipidemia was the most prevalent comorbidity among adults with hypertension (from 83.7 to 85.5%). The standardized prevalence of overweight (39.3-40.4%) did not change significantly among adults with hypertension, while the standardized prevalence of obesity (34.3-38.4%), diabetes (10.3-13.5%), and MetS (64.4-78.3%) increased significantly, with MetS showing the highest annually change (0.9%). Considering changes in specific subgroups, significant increases in obesity were observed in males, the 45-54 age group, and rural subgroups. For MetS and diabetes, all subgroups showed a significant increase, except for diabetes in age groups, where significant increases were limited to the 55-64 age group.
There has been a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and MetS among adults with hypertension in Iran. The observed disparities in these trends across different subgroups highlight the need for health policymakers to implement targeted strategies that account for age, sex, and area differences to effectively prevent and control these risk factors.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-024-01498-0.
高血压患者更容易出现包括超重、肥胖、糖尿病、血脂异常和代谢综合征（MetS）在内的心血管代谢危险因素。我们旨在确定2007年至2021年伊朗成年高血压患者中这些危险因素的流行趋势。
我们利用了2007年、2011年、2016年和2021年在伊朗进行的四轮非传染性疾病危险因素监测（STEPS）研究中25至64岁成年人的数据。使用2016年伊朗人口普查数据按年龄、性别和居住地区进行直接标准化。采用加权最小二乘线性回归评估趋势的统计变化。
总体而言，本研究共纳入21,088名参与者。2007年至2021年，成年人高血压的标准化患病率无显著变化（从24.5%降至22.8%）。血脂异常是成年高血压患者中最常见的合并症（从83.7%升至85.5%）。高血压成年人中超重的标准化患病率（39.3% - 40.4%）无显著变化，而肥胖（34.3% - 38.4%）、糖尿病（10.3% - 13.5%）和MetS（64.4% - 78.3%）的标准化患病率显著上升，其中MetS的年变化率最高（0.9%）。考虑特定亚组的变化，男性、45 - 54岁年龄组和农村亚组的肥胖率显著上升。对于MetS和糖尿病，所有亚组均显著增加，但糖尿病在各年龄组中，显著增加仅限于55 - 64岁年龄组。
伊朗成年高血压患者中肥胖、糖尿病和MetS的患病率显著上升。这些趋势在不同亚组中观察到的差异凸显了卫生政策制定者需要实施针对性策略，考虑年龄、性别和地区差异，以有效预防和控制这些危险因素。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s40200-024-01498-0获取的补充材料。
