Ren Fangfang, Zhang Jinxia, Ding Lin, Zhang Rui, Li Fuqiang, Li Xuan, Zhong Tao, Yin Meng, Yang Runheng, Tian Pengliang, Du Liangliang, Gan Kaiyuan, Yong Tian, Li Qirun, Liu Xingrong
College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
Rural Water Conservancy Institute, Gansu Academy for Water Conservancy, Lanzhou, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Nov 14;15:1467931. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1467931. eCollection 2024.
Compared with long-term and continuous application of large amounts of chemical fertilizers, fertilizers with microbial organic nutrient sources can improve soil environment, increase soil fertility and increase crop yield. In view of the current low soil fertility and poor soil environment leading to low crop yield and instability in the arid regions of northwest China, the effects of organic fertilizer with microbial nutrient sources on soil nutrients and pumpkin yield were studied in 2022 and 2023 in this region. The fertilizer application level was used as control factor, with four treatments of low level (L), medium level (M), high level (H), and a conventional fertilizer control (CK). The results showed that the high application level of organic fertilizer was more beneficial to the growth of pumpkin, and the stem diameter, vine length, and leaf area of pumpkin under H treatment were the highest from 2022 to 2023. Compared to CK, the average soil bulk density was significantly decreased by 8.27-18.51% (P< 0.05); the soil organic carbon, available phosphorus, available potassium, and nitrate nitrogen under H treatment were increased by an average of 32.37%, 21.85%, 18.70%, and 36.97%, respectively. Under different organic fertilizer treatments, the pumpkin yield under M treatment was the highest, reaching 30926.18 kg·ha, followed by H treatment. compared to CK, M and H treatments increased the yield by 25.26% and 7.01%, respectively, and improved water use efficiency by 14.18% and 2.21%, respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of soil nutrients, pumpkin growth dynamics and yield in 2022 and 2023 showed that soil organic carbon, available phosphorus, available potassium, nitrate nitrogen, and water use efficiency were significantly positively correlated with pumpkin yield (P<0.01). In conclusion, H and M treatments can improve soil fertility promote pumpkin growth and development, and ultimately increase pumpkin yield. In summary, medium organic fertilizer level (M=5700 kg·ha) is recommended as the fertilization scheme for local pumpkin cultivation.
与长期连续大量施用化肥相比，含有微生物有机养分源的肥料能改善土壤环境、提高土壤肥力并增加作物产量。鉴于中国西北干旱地区目前土壤肥力低、土壤环境差导致作物产量低且不稳定的情况，2022年和2023年在该地区研究了含有微生物养分源的有机肥对土壤养分和南瓜产量的影响。以施肥水平为控制因素，设置低水平（L）、中等水平（M）、高水平（H）四个处理以及常规化肥对照（CK）。结果表明，高施肥水平的有机肥更有利于南瓜生长，2022年至2023年H处理下南瓜的茎粗、蔓长和叶面积最高。与CK相比，土壤平均容重显著降低8.27% - 18.51%（P<0.05）；H处理下土壤有机碳、有效磷、速效钾和硝态氮分别平均增加32.37%、21.85%、18.70%和36.97%。在不同有机肥处理下，M处理的南瓜产量最高，达到30926.18 kg·ha，其次是H处理。与CK相比，M和H处理的产量分别提高了25.26%和7.01%，水分利用效率分别提高了14.18%和2.21%。对2022年和2023年土壤养分、南瓜生长动态和产量进行冗余分析（RDA）表明，土壤有机碳、有效磷、速效钾、硝态氮和水分利用效率与南瓜产量显著正相关（P<0.01）。综上所述，H和M处理可提高土壤肥力，促进南瓜生长发育，最终提高南瓜产量。总之，建议将中等有机肥水平（M = 5700 kg·ha）作为当地南瓜种植的施肥方案。
