Dang Le Van, Quyen Nguyen Kim, Ngoc Ngo Phuong, Ly Le Minh, Thao Pham Thi Phuong, Hung Ngo Ngoc
College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 94000, Vietnam.
United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Apr 11;14(8):1185. doi: 10.3390/plants14081185.
Physiological disorders (PDs) in durian lead to reduced commodity prices; therefore, reducing the PD rate in durian enhances the fruit's value and farmers' profits. Nutrient and soil management may affect the PD rate during fruit development. Herein, we used amendments such as organic manure (OM) and foliar fertilization (FF) applications to reduce the PD rate and improve the soil health and fruit yield of durian. This study was conducted in three durian orchards in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta from 2022 to 2024. The treatments were as follows: (i) control (unamended), (ii) OM, (iii) FF, and (iv) OM + FF. N-P-K fertilizers (0.45 kg of N, 0.45 kg of P, and 0.45 kg of K per tree) were uniformly applied to all durian trees. We measured the characteristics of the soil, such as the soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), available phosphorus (AP), and exchangeable cations (K and Ca). The leaf nutrient (K and Ca) content, fruit yield (kg tree), and fruit quality (PD rate, total soluble solids (TSS), and aril color characteristics) were also recorded. Our study indicates that OM + FF increased soil pH and SOC, AP, and exchangeable cations (K and Ca). In addition, the K and Ca concentrations in durian leaves increased by approximately 4% using OM + FF. Combining OM and FF decreased the PD rate of durian fruit (>85%) compared with the control. This practice increased the fruit quality TSS (13%), color, proportion of arils, and fruit yield (~10%) compared with conventional practice (control). Overall, using OM and FF contributed to improving durian production and values. Therefore, we recommend that farmers who cultivate durian apply OM + FF to their orchards to enhance soil health, fruit quality, and yield.
榴莲的生理病害会导致商品价格下降；因此，降低榴莲的生理病害发生率可提高果实价值和果农利润。养分和土壤管理可能会影响果实发育期间的生理病害发生率。在此，我们使用有机肥（OM）和叶面施肥（FF）等改良措施来降低生理病害发生率，并改善榴莲的土壤健康状况和果实产量。本研究于2022年至2024年在越南湄公河三角洲的三个榴莲果园进行。处理方式如下：（i）对照（未改良），（ii）有机肥，（iii）叶面施肥，以及（iv）有机肥 + 叶面施肥。向所有榴莲树均匀施用氮磷钾肥料（每棵树施0.45千克氮、0.45千克磷和0.45千克钾）。我们测量了土壤的特性，如土壤pH值、土壤有机碳（SOC）、有效磷（AP）和交换性阳离子（钾和钙）。还记录了叶片养分（钾和钙）含量、果实产量（千克/棵树）和果实品质（生理病害发生率、总可溶性固形物（TSS）和假种皮颜色特征）。我们的研究表明，有机肥 + 叶面施肥提高了土壤pH值、SOC、AP和交换性阳离子（钾和钙）。此外，使用有机肥 + 叶面施肥使榴莲叶片中的钾和钙浓度提高了约4%。与对照相比，有机肥和叶面施肥相结合降低了榴莲果实的生理病害发生率（>85%）。与传统做法（对照）相比，这种做法提高了果实品质的TSS（13%）、颜色、假种皮比例和果实产量（约10%）。总体而言，使用有机肥和叶面施肥有助于提高榴莲的产量和价值。因此，我们建议种植榴莲的果农在果园中施用有机肥 + 叶面施肥，以改善土壤健康状况、果实品质和产量。
