Wang Zhen, Sun Yanan, Li Chen
College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
State Key Laboratory of Crane Technology, Yanshan University, Hebei, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2024 Nov 14;12:1483547. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1483547. eCollection 2024.
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) provides an effective repair solution by implanting osteoblasts or stem cells into biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds to promote bone regeneration. In recent years, the rapid development of 3D bioprinting has enabled its extensive application in fabricating BTE scaffolds. Based on three-dimensional computer models and specialized "bio-inks," this technology offers new pathways for customizing BTE scaffolds. This study reviews the current status and future prospects of scaffold materials for BTE in 3D bioprinting.
This literature review collected recent studies on BTE and 3D bioprinting, analyzing the advantages and limitations of various scaffold materials for 3D printing, including bioceramics, metals, natural polymers, and synthetic polymers. Key characteristics like biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and degradation rates of these materials were systematically compared.
The study highlights the diverse performances of materials used in BTE scaffolds. Bioceramics exhibit excellent biocompatibility but suffer from brittleness; metals offer high strength but may induce chronic inflammation; natural polymers are biocompatible yet have poor mechanical properties, while synthetic polymers offer strong tunability but may produce acidic by-products during degradation. Additionally, integrating 3D bioprinting with composite materials could enhance scaffold biocompatibility and mechanical properties, presenting viable solutions to current challenges.
This review summarizes recent advances in 3D bioprinting for BTE scaffold applications, exploring the strengths and limitations of various materials and proposing composite material combinations to improve scaffold performance. By optimizing material selection and combinations, 3D bioprinting shows promise for creating customized scaffolds, offering a new technical route for clinical applications of BTE. This research provides a unique perspective and theoretical support for advancing 3D bioprinting technology in bone regeneration, outlining future directions for BTE materials and 3D bioprinting technology development.
骨组织工程（BTE）通过将成骨细胞或干细胞植入生物相容性和可生物降解的支架中以促进骨再生，提供了一种有效的修复解决方案。近年来，3D生物打印技术的快速发展使其在制造BTE支架方面得到了广泛应用。基于三维计算机模型和特殊的“生物墨水”，该技术为定制BTE支架提供了新途径。本研究综述了3D生物打印中用于BTE的支架材料的现状和未来前景。
本综述收集了近期关于BTE和3D生物打印的研究，分析了各种用于3D打印的支架材料的优缺点，包括生物陶瓷、金属、天然聚合物和合成聚合物。系统比较了这些材料的生物相容性、机械性能和降解速率等关键特性。
该研究突出了用于BTE支架的材料的多样性能。生物陶瓷具有优异的生物相容性，但存在脆性问题；金属具有高强度，但可能引发慢性炎症；天然聚合物具有生物相容性，但其机械性能较差，而合成聚合物具有很强的可调性，但在降解过程中可能产生酸性副产物。此外，将3D生物打印与复合材料相结合可以提高支架的生物相容性和机械性能，为当前的挑战提供可行的解决方案。
本综述总结了3D生物打印在BTE支架应用方面的最新进展，探讨了各种材料的优缺点，并提出了复合材料组合以改善支架性能。通过优化材料选择和组合，3D生物打印有望制造出定制的支架，为BTE的临床应用提供一条新的技术途径。本研究为推进3D生物打印技术在骨再生中的应用提供了独特的视角和理论支持，概述了BTE材料和3D生物打印技术发展的未来方向。
