Mondal Sudipta, Pal Biswajit, Sankaranarayanan Rajan
CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 50007, India.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
FEMS Yeast Res. 2024 Jan 9;24. doi: 10.1093/femsyr/foae036.
Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a relatively simple and primitive form of lipid, which does not possess a phospholipid headgroup. Being a central metabolite of the lipid metabolism network, DAGs are omnipresent in all life forms. While the role of DAG has been established in membrane and storage lipid biogenesis, it can impart crucial physiological functions including membrane shapeshifting, regulation of membrane protein activity, and transduction of cellular signalling as a lipid-based secondary messenger. Besides, the chemical diversity of DAGs, due to fatty acyl chain composition, has been proposed to be the basis of its functional diversity. Therefore, cells must regulate DAG level at a spatio-temporal scale for homeostasis and adaptation. The vast network of eukaryotic lipid metabolism has been unravelled majorly by studying yeast models. Here, we review the current understanding and the emerging concepts in metabolic and functional aspects of DAG regulation in yeast. The implications can be extended to understand pathogenic fungi and mammalian counterparts as well as disease aetiology.
二酰基甘油（DAG）是一种相对简单且原始的脂质形式，它不具备磷脂头部基团。作为脂质代谢网络的核心代谢产物，二酰基甘油在所有生命形式中普遍存在。虽然二酰基甘油在膜脂和储存脂质生物合成中的作用已得到证实，但它作为一种基于脂质的第二信使，还能赋予关键的生理功能，包括膜形态改变、膜蛋白活性调节以及细胞信号转导。此外，由于脂肪酰链组成的不同，二酰基甘油的化学多样性被认为是其功能多样性的基础。因此，细胞必须在时空尺度上调节二酰基甘油水平以维持体内平衡和适应环境。通过研究酵母模型，真核生物脂质代谢的庞大网络已基本被揭示。在此，我们综述了目前对酵母中二酰基甘油调节的代谢和功能方面的理解以及新出现的概念。这些影响也可扩展到理解致病真菌和哺乳动物中的对应情况以及疾病病因。
