College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
Food Res Int. 2024 Nov;196:115019. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.115019. Epub 2024 Sep 10.
Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides (TFPS) belong to natural bioactive macromolecule with both edible and medicinal value, possessing much bioactivities such as anti-tumor, antioxidant, antidiabetics, and immunomodulatory. Currently, the production of TFPS through submerged fermentation (TFPS-1) is gradually replacing the polysaccharides extracted from the fruiting body due to improved fermentation efficiency and reduced separation costs. However, it is still unclear about the effect of TFPS-1 on gastrointestinal digestion and gut microbial fermentation, which is directly related to the function of its biological activity. This study aimed to illustrate the effect of TFPS-1 on digestive process through in vitro digestion and fecal fermentation. TFPS-1 was indigestible during the simulated gastrointestinal tract. But TFPS-1 can be digested by intestinal flora leading to alterations in the total polysaccharides content, molecular weight, and apparent viscosity. Moreover, TFPS-1 regulated the composition of gut microbial, lowering the proportion of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and enhancing the abundances of Parabacteroides and Bacteroides. The change of intestinal flora produced more short chain fatty acids and lowered the pH. The KEGG metabolic pathway analysis indicated that TFPS-1 enriched lipid metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites. This study demonstrated that T. fuciformis fermented polysaccharide can be a potential prebiotic to optimize intestinal flora homeostasis and maintain host intestinal health.
银耳多糖（TFPS）属于具有食用和药用价值的天然生物活性大分子，具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗糖尿病和免疫调节等多种生物活性。目前，通过深层发酵生产 TFPS（TFPS-1）由于提高了发酵效率和降低了分离成本，逐渐取代了从子实体中提取的多糖。然而，TFPS-1 对胃肠道消化和肠道微生物发酵的影响仍不清楚，这与它的生物活性功能直接相关。本研究旨在通过体外消化和粪便发酵来阐明 TFPS-1 对消化过程的影响。TFPS-1 在模拟胃肠道中是不可消化的。但是 TFPS-1 可以被肠道菌群消化，导致总多糖含量、分子量和表观粘度发生变化。此外，TFPS-1 调节肠道微生物的组成，降低厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比例，增加拟杆菌属和拟杆菌属的丰度。肠道菌群的变化产生了更多的短链脂肪酸并降低了 pH 值。KEGG 代谢途径分析表明，TFPS-1 富集了脂质代谢、聚糖生物合成和代谢以及其他次生代谢物的生物合成。本研究表明，银耳发酵多糖可能是一种潜在的益生元，可优化肠道菌群稳态，维持宿主肠道健康。
