Liu Dongmei, Sun Xueyan, Qi Xiwu, Liang Chengyuan
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemistry Technology, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
Arch Microbiol. 2025 Jan 21;207(2):38. doi: 10.1007/s00203-024-04220-z.
Throughout the life cycle of mushrooms, countless spores are released from the fruiting bodies. The spores have significant implications in the food and medicine industries due to pharmacological effects attributed to their bioactive ingredients. Moreover, high concentration of mushroom spores can induce extrinsic allergic reactions in mushroom cultivation workers. Therefore, it is important to study the bioactive ingredients of medicinal mushroom spores and molecular mechanisms of spore formation to develop healthcare products utilizing medicinal mushroom spores and breed sporeless/low- or high-spore-producing strains. This review summarizes the bioactive compounds of mushroom spores, the influence factors and molecular mechanisms of spore formation. Many bioactive compounds extracted from mushroom spores have a wide range of pharmacological activities. Several exogenous factors such as temperature, humidity, light, nutrients, and culture matrix, and endogenous factors such as metabolism-related enzymes activities and expression levels of genes related to sporulation individually or in combination affect the formation, size, and discharge of spores. The future research directions are also discussed for supplying references to analyze the bioactive compounds of spores and the molecular mechanisms of spore formation in mushrooms.
在蘑菇的整个生命周期中，子实体释放出无数的孢子。由于其生物活性成分具有药理作用，这些孢子在食品和医药行业具有重要意义。此外，高浓度的蘑菇孢子可在蘑菇栽培工人中引发外源性过敏反应。因此，研究药用蘑菇孢子的生物活性成分和孢子形成的分子机制，对于开发利用药用蘑菇孢子的保健品以及培育无孢子/低孢子或高孢子产生菌株具有重要意义。本文综述了蘑菇孢子的生物活性化合物、孢子形成的影响因素和分子机制。从蘑菇孢子中提取的许多生物活性化合物具有广泛的药理活性。温度、湿度、光照、营养物质和培养基质等几种外源因素，以及代谢相关酶活性和孢子形成相关基因的表达水平等内源因素，单独或共同影响孢子的形成、大小和释放。还讨论了未来的研究方向，为分析蘑菇孢子的生物活性化合物和孢子形成的分子机制提供参考。
