Holdener E E, Ryser D H, Schaermeli K, Spieler P, Angehrn W, Reutter F W, Gloor F, Senn H J
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1986 Mar 22;116(12):366-70.
Malignant pericardial effusion (MPE) resulting in cardiac tamponade is a rare complication in neoplastic disease. From January 1975 to December 1984 the authors observed 22 patients with cytologically verified malignant pericardial effusion. The most frequent primary tumors were non-small cell lung cancer (6), breast cancer (5), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (4) and mesothelioma (4). 50% of the patients presented with MPE as the initial manifestation of the tumor. In the other group of patients MPE appeared after an average of 11 months following the diagnosis of malignant disease. The most frequent symptoms and clinical findings were dyspnea (100%), jugular venous distention (91%), and tachycardia (82%). During the first 24 hours after pericardiocentesis a median volume of 675 ml of predominantly serosanguinous effusion was drained. Besides intrapericardial drug instillation, patients also received local radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy. At the time when MPE was diagnosed 77% of the patients exhibited advanced malignant disease. Mean survival time was 140 days. Malignant pericardial effusion is therefore regarded as an unfavorable prognostic factor.
导致心脏压塞的恶性心包积液（MPE）是肿瘤疾病中一种罕见的并发症。从1975年1月至1984年12月，作者观察了22例经细胞学证实的恶性心包积液患者。最常见的原发肿瘤是非小细胞肺癌（6例）、乳腺癌（5例）、非霍奇金淋巴瘤（4例）和间皮瘤（4例）。50%的患者以MPE作为肿瘤的首发表现。在另一组患者中，MPE在恶性疾病诊断后平均11个月出现。最常见的症状和临床体征是呼吸困难（100%）、颈静脉扩张（91%）和心动过速（82%）。心包穿刺术后最初24小时内，引流的积液中位数体积为675ml，主要为血性浆液性积液。除心包内药物注入外，患者还接受了局部放疗和全身化疗。在诊断MPE时，77%的患者已出现晚期恶性疾病。平均生存时间为140天。因此，恶性心包积液被视为一个不良的预后因素。
