Nuclear Protection Evaluation Centre (CEPN), 28, rue de la Redoute, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
European Federation of Medical Physicist (EFOMP), RA Utrecht, PO box 8003 3503, The Netherlands.
J Radiol Prot. 2024 May 10;44(2). doi: 10.1088/1361-6498/ad460d.
The European as low as reasonably achievable(ALARA) network regularly organises workshops on topical issues in radiation protection (RP). The topic of the 20th workshop was: 'ALARA for interventional radiology (IR) and nuclear medicine (NM)'. The objective was to examine the challenges faced when applying the optimisation principle (ALARA) in IR and NM and to consider how ALARA could be better implemented for patient and staff exposures. This memorandum provides a synthesis of the workshop sessions, and recommendations coming from the working groups discussion. Parallels are drawn with the recommendations arising from the 13th EAN workshop on 'ALARA and the medical sector (2011)' to consider how the optimisation challenges in IR and NM have evolved over the past decade. Current levels of exposure are presented along with operational practice and the challenges and opportunities for improvement, both in monitoring and practice. Whilst RP challenges remain, the application of ALARA appears more established in IR compared with experiences reported in 2011. The application of ALARA to emerging technologies in the NM setting is in need of further development to ensure that RP is considered at all stages in the development process of new radiopharmaceuticals. Besides the obvious technical and operational aspects, the importance of education and training, human factors and broadly the RP 'culture' were deemed fundamental to the success of the application of ALARA and where further emphasis is needed. All concerned parties, medical physics experts (MPEs), radiation protection experts, clinical staff, manufacturers and regulators have a role to play in the application of ALARA and this is discussed in the memorandum. Many of the recommendations from the 13th EAN workshop remain applicable today and overlap with the recommendations arising from the 20th workshop. This should prompt attention given that the use of IR and the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals for NM is only anticipated to increase with time.
欧洲尽可能低可达（ALARA）网络定期组织辐射防护（RP）专题研讨会。第 20 届研讨会的主题是：“介入放射学（IR）和核医学（NM）的 ALARA”。目的是研究在 IR 和 NM 中应用最优化原则（ALARA）时面临的挑战，并考虑如何更好地为患者和工作人员的辐射暴露实施 ALARA。本备忘录提供了研讨会的总结，以及工作组讨论的建议。与第 13 届 EAN 研讨会关于“ALARA 和医疗部门（2011 年）”的建议进行了比较，以考虑过去十年中 IR 和 NM 中的优化挑战是如何演变的。目前的暴露水平，以及操作实践和改进的挑战和机遇，都在监测和实践中进行了介绍。虽然 RP 挑战仍然存在，但与 2011 年报告的经验相比，ALARA 的应用在 IR 中似乎更加成熟。在 NM 环境中应用 ALARA 新兴技术需要进一步发展，以确保在新放射性药物开发过程的所有阶段都考虑到 RP。除了明显的技术和操作方面，教育和培训、人为因素以及广泛的 RP“文化”被认为是 ALARA 应用成功的基础，需要进一步强调。所有相关方，包括医学物理专家（MPEs）、辐射防护专家、临床工作人员、制造商和监管机构，都在 ALARA 的应用中发挥作用，备忘录中对此进行了讨论。第 13 届 EAN 研讨会的许多建议今天仍然适用，并与第 20 届研讨会的建议重叠。鉴于 IR 的使用和 NM 中新型放射性药物的开发预计只会随着时间的推移而增加，这应该引起关注。
