Isolated renal hydatid cyst: Rare case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE

Hydatid disease is caused by larval stages of the cestodes Echinococcus granulosus. The definitive host is dog, sheep is intermediate host and humans are accidental hosts. While liver and lung are commonly affected organs, isolated renal Hydatidosis is very rare. Renal Hydatidosis mostly remain asymptomatic for years or may have nonspecific symptoms like abdominal pain, swelling, malaise or hematuria. Ultrasound or computed tomography are helpful for diagnosis. Surgery is treatment of choice.

CASE PRESENTATION

32 years old female presented with left flank pain and swelling. There was 8cmx9cm non tender, smooth surfaced palpable left flank mass extending to the umbilicus. Abdominal CECT showed left upper pole multiloculated renal cyst. Open cystectomy with partial pericystectomy done. Postoperatively patient had smooth recovery course. Discharged with albendazole at three month ultrasound showed no recurrence.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION

Hydatid cyst is found in most pastoral and rangeland areas of the world where animal husbandry is common. It is rare accounting for 2-3 % of hydatid disease. Often asymptomatic and may be found incidentally. Treatment can be medical, cystectomy, pericystectomy, partial or total nephrectomy.

CONCLUSION

Surgical approach is the most effective treatment of choice for cyst removal and cure. A rare disease where high index of suspicion and imaging modalities like ultrasound CECT can help for early diagnosis and do less damaging surgeries like cystectomy and pericystectomy instead of aggressive interventions like partial or total nephrectomy.