Bandbe Charvi D, Patil Karan S, Pathan Ejaj K
Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune, 412115, Maharashtra, India.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2024 Dec 2;40(12):400. doi: 10.1007/s11274-024-04198-2.
Fungal systems, yeast as well as filamentous fungi, are effective platforms for producing recombinant eukaryotic proteins because of their efficient secretion, robust development features, and capacity for post-translational modification. However, to achieve optimum protein expression in fungal hosts, a precise regulation of gene expression levels is necessary. Promoters are critical cis-regulatory regions that drive gene expression. Therefore, understanding the structure and function of fungal promoters and the factors that influence their performance is an essential step in developing yeast and filamentous fungal platforms as hosts for the expression and secretion of eukaryotic proteins. However, literature on the characterization of filamentous fungal promoters is non-exhaustive. The present review attempts to provide a comprehensive account of available information and future applications of fungal promoters. The properties of promoters from different classes of fungi are discussed with respect to their general structure, the core and proximal components that constitute the fungal promoters, types of fungal promoters based on their functions etc. Furthermore, the utility of fungal promoters for applications in healthcare, biofuels, agriculture and biotechnology are also discussed. The comprehensive understanding of fungal promoters will help in developing tailored promoters, paving the way for the optimum production of economically important eukaryotic proteins in different host organisms.
真菌系统，包括酵母和丝状真菌，由于其高效分泌、强大的生长特性以及进行翻译后修饰的能力，是生产重组真核蛋白的有效平台。然而，要在真菌宿主中实现最佳蛋白表达，精确调控基因表达水平是必要的。启动子是驱动基因表达的关键顺式调控区域。因此，了解真菌启动子的结构和功能以及影响其性能的因素，是开发酵母和丝状真菌平台作为真核蛋白表达和分泌宿主的重要一步。然而，关于丝状真菌启动子表征的文献并不详尽。本综述试图全面介绍真菌启动子的现有信息及其未来应用。讨论了不同类真菌启动子的特性，包括它们的一般结构、构成真菌启动子的核心和近端元件、基于功能的真菌启动子类型等。此外，还讨论了真菌启动子在医疗保健、生物燃料、农业和生物技术中的应用。对真菌启动子的全面理解将有助于开发定制启动子，为在不同宿主生物体中优化生产具有经济重要性的真核蛋白铺平道路。
