Des Bouillons-Gamboa Rosvin E, Montes de Oca Gabriela, Baudrit Jose Roberto Vega, Ríos Duarte Liz Carolina, Lopretti Mary, Rentería Urquiza Maite, Zúñiga-Umaña Juan Miguel, Barreiro Filomena, Vázquez Patricia
School of Biology, Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica.
LANOTEC CENAT CONARE, San José, Costa Rica.
Front Chem. 2024 Nov 15;12:1469271. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1469271. eCollection 2024.
In the face of a pressing global issue-the escalating threat of antibiotic resistance-the development of new antimicrobial agents is urgent. Nanotechnology, with its innovative approach, emerges as a promising solution to enhance the efficacy of these agents and combat the challenge of microbial resistance. Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) stand out in biomedical applications, particularly in the controlled release of antibiotics, with their unique properties such as biocompatibility, stability, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and simple synthesis processes suitable for sensitive molecules. This study synthesized CSNPs using the ionotropic gelation method, with tripolyphosphate (TPP) as the crosslinking agent. Various CS: TPP ratios (6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1) were tested, and the resulting nanoparticles were evaluated using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The CS: TPP ratio of 4:1, with an average hydrodynamic diameter (DHP) of (195 ± 10) nm and a zeta potential of (51 ± 1) mV, was identified as the most suitable for further analysis. The characterization of NPs by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed diameters of (65 ± 14) nm and (102 ± 18) nm, respectively. Notably, CSNPs exhibited significant aggregation during centrifugation and lyophilization, leading to diameter increases of up to 285% as measured by AFM. The antibacterial activity of CSNPs against and was assessed using the resazurin assay. It was found that CSNPs not subjected to centrifugation, freezing, and lyophilization retained their antimicrobial activity. In contrast, those that underwent these processes lost their efficacy, likely due to aggregation and destabilization of the system. This study presents a straightforward and effective protocol for encapsulating sensitive active agents and synthesizing chitosan nanoparticles, a potential system with significant implications in the fight against antibiotic resistance.
面对一个紧迫的全球问题——抗生素耐药性的威胁不断升级——开发新型抗菌剂迫在眉睫。纳米技术以其创新方法，成为增强这些抗菌剂疗效和应对微生物耐药性挑战的一个有前景的解决方案。壳聚糖纳米颗粒（CSNPs）在生物医学应用中脱颖而出，特别是在抗生素的控释方面，因其具有生物相容性、稳定性、可生物降解性、无毒性以及适合敏感分子的简单合成工艺等独特性质。本研究采用离子凝胶法，以三聚磷酸钠（TPP）作为交联剂合成CSNPs。测试了各种壳聚糖与TPP的比例（6:1、5:1、4:1、3:1、2:1），并使用动态光散射（DLS）对所得纳米颗粒进行评估。壳聚糖与TPP比例为4:1时，平均流体动力学直径（DHP）为（195±10）nm，zeta电位为（51±1）mV，被确定为最适合进一步分析。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）对纳米颗粒进行表征，结果显示直径分别为（65±14）nm和（102±18）nm。值得注意的是，CSNPs在离心和冻干过程中表现出显著聚集，通过AFM测量，直径增加高达285%。使用刃天青测定法评估了CSNPs对 和 的抗菌活性。发现未经过离心、冷冻和冻干的CSNPs保留了其抗菌活性。相比之下，经过这些过程的CSNPs失去了效力，可能是由于系统的聚集和不稳定。本研究提出了一种简单有效的方案，用于封装敏感活性剂和合成壳聚糖纳米颗粒，这是一个在对抗抗生素耐药性方面具有重要意义的潜在系统。
