involved in the abscisic acid signaling pathway to regulate the early growth and development of .

BACKGROUND

Living organisms possess the remarkable capacity to swiftly adapt to fluctuations in their environment. In the context of cell signal transduction, a significant challenge lies in ensuring the effective perception of external signals and the execution of appropriate responses. To investigate this phenomenon, a recent study utilized as a model plant and induced stress by administering abscisic acid (ABA), a plant hormone, to elucidate the involvement of leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase1 (LRR1) in ABA signaling pathways.

METHODS

Homozygous T-DNA insertion alleles for and were isolated. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to confirm the expression of the gene. Subcellular localization and beta-glucuronidase (GUS) tissue labeling techniques were utilized to determine the expression pattern of the gene in cells and tissues. Yeast two-hybrid complementation, bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay, and GST pull-down assays were conducted to validate the interaction of LRR1 proteins.

RESULTS

Phenotypic analyses revealed that and mutants are less sensitive to the inhibitory effects of ABA on germination and cotyledon greening that is seen in WT. Mutants and kinase 7 (KIN7) exhibited resistance to ABA and displayed normal growth patterns under control conditions. The double mutant showed reduced responsiveness to ABA. Conversely, overexpression lines and demonstrated heightened sensitivity to ABA, resulting in severe growth reduction. qRT-PCR assay indicated that exogenous application of ABA led to significant down-regulation of , , and transcription factors in material compared to wild-type WT material. An investigation was conducted to determine the expression pattern and transcriptional level of in Arabidopsis. The results revealed ubiquitous expression of across all developmental stages and tissue tested. Subcellular localization assays confirmed the presence of LRR1 on the plasma membrane of cells. Furthermore, BiFC assay, yeast two-hybrid complementation, and GST pull-down assays demonstrated an interaction between LRR1 and PYL6 . These findings provide substantial insights into the involvement of in the ABA signaling pathway while regulating seed germination and cotyledon greening during early development in Arabidopsis. This study significantly advances our understanding regarding the correlation between and ABA signaling pathways with potential applications for enhancing crop stress resistance.