Vasić Ana, Milovanović Bojan, Glišić Dimitrije, Kavran Mihaela, Kureljušić Jasna, Živulj Aleksandar, Kureljušić Branislav, Milićević Vesna
Scientific Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
Faculty of Agriculture, Centre for Excellence One Health, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Nov 15;11:1467273. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1467273. eCollection 2024.
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral disease of domestic pigs and wild boar () caused by an arbovirus- African swine fever virus (ASFV), which is classified into the family . Even though the main transmission route of ASFV is direct contact between animals and carcasses releasing ASFV into the environment, the role of other transmission routes such as via environmental contamination or insects remains in great part unclear. During an epidemic f ASF in Serbia in 2023, environmental samples (soil, feed, water and swabs from the pig barns), and insects [resulting in collection of adult and/or larval stages of non-biting flies (: and )] were collected in four locations in South Banat district of Serbia. To assess the possibility that insects carry the ASFV in infected courtyards, sticky fly traps and open Petri dishes containing meat mixed with humid cotton wads were offered in three locations during the five days of the experiment in the Belgrade area. Furthermore, to confirm the role of flies in ASF in mechanical transmission pathway in Serbia, L2 and L3 larvae of flies ( Meigan, 1826; Linnaeus, 1758) were collected from the pig carcasses from infected farms, bred to adults in the Laboratory and an ASFV spiked meat meal was placed into cages with three-day-old flies ( = 52) to estimate positivity of flies and duration of mechanical transmission of ASFV. The results from the environmental samples showed no positive ASFV DNA detection, the same was true for the samples from meat-based traps and sticky fly traps, while ASFV DNA was detected in three samples containing eggs, L1 and L3 fly larvae collected from carcasses and adult flies (). In experimental conditions, only one fly tested positive on day 1 post-infection. The results implicate the possible role of sp. flies in the mechanical transmission of ASFV as well as in Serbia during an outbreak, while ASFV DNA was not detected in environmental samples in this study.
非洲猪瘟（ASF）是由虫媒病毒——非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）引起的家猪和野猪的一种高度传染性病毒性疾病，该病毒被归类于 科。尽管ASFV的主要传播途径是动物与将ASFV释放到环境中的尸体之间的直接接触，但其他传播途径（如通过环境污染或昆虫传播）的作用在很大程度上仍不清楚。在2023年塞尔维亚发生ASF疫情期间，在塞尔维亚南巴纳特地区的四个地点采集了环境样本（土壤、饲料、水和猪舍拭子）以及昆虫样本（采集到了非吸血蝇的成虫和/或幼虫阶段： 属和 属）。为了评估昆虫在受感染庭院中携带ASFV的可能性，在贝尔格莱德地区的实验进行的五天时间里，在三个地点设置了粘蝇陷阱以及装有与湿棉球混合的肉的开放式培养皿。此外，为了证实苍蝇在塞尔维亚ASF机械传播途径中的作用，从受感染农场的猪尸体上采集了苍蝇（ 属，1826年； 属，1758年）的L2和L3幼虫，在实验室中饲养至成虫，并将添加了ASFV的肉粉放入装有三天龄苍蝇（ = 52）的笼子中，以评估苍蝇的阳性率和ASFV的机械传播持续时间。环境样本的结果显示未检测到ASFV DNA阳性，基于肉的陷阱和粘蝇陷阱的样本也是如此，而在从尸体和成年苍蝇（ 属）采集的三个含有卵、L1和L3蝇幼虫的样本中检测到了ASFV DNA。在实验条件下，只有一只 属苍蝇在感染后第1天检测呈阳性。结果表明，在疫情爆发期间， 属苍蝇以及 属苍蝇在塞尔维亚可能在ASFV的机械传播中发挥作用，而在本研究中环境样本未检测到ASFV DNA。
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