Carlson Jolene, Fischer Melina, Zani Laura, Eschbaumer Michael, Fuchs Walter, Mettenleiter Thomas, Beer Martin, Blome Sandra
Institute for Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Pathogens. 2020 Nov 23;9(11):977. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9110977.
Understanding African swine fever virus (ASFV) transmission is essential for strategies to minimize virus spread during an outbreak. ASFV can survive for extended time periods in animal products, carcasses, and the environment. While the ASFV genome was found in environments around infected farms, data on the virus survival in soil are scarce. We investigated different soil matrices spiked with ASFV-positive blood from infected wild boar to see if ASFV can remain infectious in the soil beneath infected carcasses. As expected, ASFV genome detection was possible over the entire sampling period. Soil pH, structure, and ambient temperature played a role in the stability of infectious ASFV. Infectious ASFV was demonstrated in specimens originating from sterile sand for at least three weeks, from beach sand for up to two weeks, from yard soil for one week, and from swamp soil for three days. The virus was not recovered from two acidic forest soils. All risk mitigation experiments with citric acid or calcium hydroxide resulted in complete inactivation. In conclusion, the stability of infectious ASFV is very low in acidic forest soils but rather high in sandy soils. However, given the high variability, treatment of carcass collection points with disinfectants should be considered.
了解非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）的传播对于在疫情爆发期间尽量减少病毒传播的策略至关重要。ASFV可在动物产品、尸体和环境中长时间存活。虽然在受感染农场周围的环境中发现了ASFV基因组，但关于该病毒在土壤中存活的数据却很稀少。我们研究了用感染野猪的ASFV阳性血液接种的不同土壤基质，以了解ASFV是否能在受感染尸体下方的土壤中保持传染性。不出所料，在整个采样期间都有可能检测到ASFV基因组。土壤pH值、结构和环境温度对传染性ASFV的稳定性有影响。在源自无菌沙子的样本中，传染性ASFV至少存活了三周；在沙滩沙子中存活了两周；在庭院土壤中存活了一周；在沼泽土壤中存活了三天。在两种酸性森林土壤中未检测到该病毒。所有用柠檬酸或氢氧化钙进行的风险缓解实验均导致病毒完全失活。总之，传染性ASFV在酸性森林土壤中的稳定性很低，但在沙质土壤中相当高。然而，鉴于其高度变异性，应考虑对尸体收集点进行消毒处理。
