Walczak Marek, Frant Maciej, Szymankiewicz Krzesimir, Juszkiewicz Małgorzata, Podgórska Katarzyna, Smreczak Marcin
Department of Virology and Viral Animal Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
Pathogens. 2025 Jun 5;14(6):563. doi: 10.3390/pathogens14060563.
African swine fever (ASF) has become one of the most economically important diseases affecting swine and has a significant negative impact on the global pork production sector. In Europe, the main reservoir of the disease is the wild boar population, which poses a risk of transmitting the disease to pig farms. To date, no safe and effective vaccine is available on the market. Therefore, biosecurity measures and early recognition of the disease play a key role in preventing and combating ASF. In recent years, numerous insights into the nature of the virus have emerged; however, several knowledge gaps still need to be addressed. One of these gaps is an accurate understanding of all possible pathways through which the virus can reach a pig farm. Interrupting these pathways would significantly reduce the risk of disease outbreaks. Despite a general understanding of disease transmission, ASF can still affect farms with well-established high biosecurity measures. This article highlights the potential for mechanical transmission of ASF by flying hematophagous insects, considering several factors, including current knowledge of the putative role of insects in ASF transmission, insects' abilities to transmit the virus, ASFV properties, the uncertainties regarding the effectiveness of indirect transmission, and the seasonality of disease outbreaks on domestic pig farms.
非洲猪瘟（ASF）已成为影响猪的最具经济重要性的疾病之一，对全球猪肉生产行业产生重大负面影响。在欧洲，该病的主要宿主是野猪种群，这对将疾病传播到养猪场构成风险。迄今为止，市场上尚无安全有效的疫苗。因此，生物安全措施和疾病的早期识别在预防和抗击非洲猪瘟方面发挥着关键作用。近年来，对该病毒的性质有了许多见解；然而，仍有几个知识空白需要填补。其中一个空白是准确了解病毒到达养猪场的所有可能途径。阻断这些途径将显著降低疾病爆发的风险。尽管对疾病传播有总体认识，但非洲猪瘟仍可能影响生物安全措施完善的养殖场。本文强调了吸血飞行昆虫机械传播非洲猪瘟的可能性，考虑了几个因素，包括昆虫在非洲猪瘟传播中假定作用的现有知识、昆虫传播病毒的能力、非洲猪瘟病毒特性、间接传播有效性的不确定性以及家养猪场疾病爆发的季节性。
