Yeh Delphine, He Qin, Krebs Emma, Iftimovici Anton, Martinez Gilles, Bourgin-Duchesnay Julie, Mouaffak Fayçal, Danset-Alexandre Charlotte, de Gasquet Marie, Jantac Célia, Bendjemaa Narjes, Chaumette Boris, Krebs Marie-Odile, Scoriels Linda
Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Psychiatriques, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France.
Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau et Cognition, Université Paris Cité, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
Psychol Med. 2024 Dec 2;54(15):1-12. doi: 10.1017/S0033291724002538.
Cognitive impairment constitutes a prevailing issue in the schizophrenia spectrum, severely impacting patients' functional outcomes. A global cognitive score, sensitive to the stages of the spectrum, would benefit the exploration of potential factors involved in the cognitive decline.
First, we performed principal component analysis on cognitive scores from 768 individuals across the schizophrenia spectrum, including first-degree relatives of patients, individuals at ultra-high risk, who had a first-episode psychosis, and chronic schizophrenia patients, alongside 124 healthy controls. The analysis provided 10 g-factors as global cognitive scores, validated through correlations with intelligence quotient and assessed for their sensitivity to the stages on the spectrum using analyses of variance. Second, using the g-factors, we explored potential mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in the schizophrenia spectrum using correlations with sociodemographic, clinical, and developmental data, and linear regressions with genotypic data, pooled through meta-analyses.
The g-factors were highly correlated with intelligence quotient and with each other, confirming their validity. They presented significant differences between subgroups along the schizophrenia spectrum. They were positively correlated with educational attainment and the polygenic risk score (PRS) for cognitive performance, and negatively correlated with general psychopathology of schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental load, and the PRS for schizophrenia.
The g-factors appeared as valid estimators of global cognition, enabling discerning cognitive states within the schizophrenia spectrum. Educational attainment and genetics related to cognitive performance may have a positive influence on cognitive functioning, while general psychopathology of schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental load, and genetic liability to schizophrenia may have an adverse impact.
认知障碍是精神分裂症谱系中一个普遍存在的问题，严重影响患者的功能预后。一个对精神分裂症谱系各阶段敏感的整体认知评分，将有助于探索认知衰退的潜在影响因素。
首先，我们对768名精神分裂症谱系个体的认知评分进行主成分分析，这些个体包括患者的一级亲属、超高风险个体、首次发作精神病患者和慢性精神分裂症患者，以及124名健康对照者。该分析得出10个g因子作为整体认知评分，通过与智商的相关性进行验证，并使用方差分析评估其对精神分裂症谱系各阶段的敏感性。其次，利用这些g因子，我们通过与社会人口学、临床和发育数据的相关性，以及与通过荟萃分析汇总的基因型数据的线性回归，探索精神分裂症谱系中认知障碍的潜在机制。
g因子与智商高度相关且彼此相关，证实了它们的有效性。它们在精神分裂症谱系的亚组之间存在显著差异。它们与教育程度和认知表现的多基因风险评分（PRS）呈正相关，与精神分裂症的一般精神病理学、神经发育负荷和精神分裂症的PRS呈负相关。
g因子似乎是整体认知的有效估计指标，能够区分精神分裂症谱系中的认知状态。与认知表现相关的教育程度和遗传学可能对认知功能有积极影响，而精神分裂症的一般精神病理学、神经发育负荷和精神分裂症的遗传易感性可能有不利影响。
