Percutaneous antegrade flexible ureteroscopy.

A flexible endoscope has been used for antegrade percutaneous ureteroscopy after percutaneous lithotripsy. The instrument, the ACMI Flexiscope, is 2.5 mm in diameter and has fiberoptic bundles for illumination and visualization but no channel for irrigation. Techniques for introduction and irrigation are considered. The use of this instrument demonstrates the need for deflectability in a ureteroscope.