用于电磁波吸收的高熵材料的进展。

Advancements in high-entropy materials for electromagnetic wave absorption.

作者信息

Yuan Mingyue, Weible Alan H, Azadi Fatemeh, Li Bangxin, Cui Jiacheng, Lv Hualiang, Che Renchao, Wang Xiaoguang

机构信息

Institute of Optoelectronics, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.

William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.

出版信息

Mater Horiz. 2025 Feb 17;12(4):1033-1057. doi: 10.1039/d4mh01168f.

DOI:10.1039/d4mh01168f

PMID:39620951

Abstract

Widespread electromagnetic (EM) interference and pollution have become major issues due to the rapid advancement of fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication technology and devices. Recent advances in high-entropy (HE) materials have opened new opportunities for exploring EM wave absorption abilities to address the issues. The lattice distortion effect of structures, the synergistic effect of multi-element components, and multiple dielectric/magnetic loss mechanisms can offer extensive possibilities for optimizing the balance between impedance matching and attenuation ability, resulting in superior EM wave absorption performance. This review gives a comprehensive review on the recent progress of HE materials for EM wave absorption. We begin with the fundamentals of EM wave absorption materials and the superiority of HE absorbers. Discussions of advanced synthetic methods, in-depth characterization techniques, and electronic properties, especially with regard to regulatable electronic structures through band engineering of HE materials are highlighted. This review also covers current research advancements in a wide variety of HE materials for EM wave absorption, including HE alloys, HE ceramics (mainly HE oxides, carbides, and borides), and other novel HE systems. Finally, insights into future directions for the further development of high-performance HE EM wave absorbers are provided.

摘要

由于第五代（5G）无线通信技术和设备的迅速发展，广泛存在的电磁（EM）干扰和污染已成为主要问题。高熵（HE）材料的最新进展为探索电磁波吸收能力以解决这些问题带来了新机遇。结构的晶格畸变效应、多元素组分的协同效应以及多种介电/磁损耗机制可为优化阻抗匹配与衰减能力之间的平衡提供广泛可能性，从而产生优异的电磁波吸收性能。本文综述了高熵材料在电磁波吸收方面的最新进展。我们首先介绍了电磁波吸收材料的基本原理以及高熵吸收体的优势。重点讨论了先进的合成方法、深入的表征技术以及电子性质，特别是通过高熵材料的能带工程实现可调控电子结构方面。本文还涵盖了各种用于电磁波吸收的高熵材料的当前研究进展，包括高熵合金、高熵陶瓷（主要是高熵氧化物、碳化物和硼化物）以及其他新型高熵体系。最后，对高性能高熵电磁波吸收体的进一步发展方向提供了见解。