Zhang Qi, Yuan Yifei
School of Labor Economics, The Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China.
PLoS One. 2024 Dec 2;19(12):e0312518. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312518. eCollection 2024.
China has placed "mass entrepreneurship, mass innovation" as an important strategic deployment, and in 2020, China proposed further promoting the high-quality development of migrant workers returning to their hometowns for entrepreneurship. For migrant workers, the employment modes advocated by the above-mentioned policies correspond to starting a business in their own household registration location and returning to their hometowns for entrepreneurship. Therefore, this study aims to explore the impact of different employment modes of migrant workers on their family living standards. How much do they earn? How much do they spend on consumption? How much is left after deducting expenses? What is their subjective perception of living standards? And so on. By comparing and studying these aspects, it can provide a basis for future policy making and family decisions. Based on the China Household Income Project (CHIP) data, this paper compared the different impacts of employment modes of migrant worker household heads on subjective and objective family living standards through descriptive analysis, baseline regression analysis, heterogeneity analysis, and robustness tests. The following conclusions are drawn: the employment mode of the household head has significantly different impacts on the family living standards of migrant workers. Specifically, entrepreneurship increases household income by 25.71%, raises per capita consumption expenditure by 19.05%, and enhances the subjective perception of household living standards by 41.27% compared to being employed. Compared with working away from hometown, the income effect and consumption expenditure per capita effect of starting a business out of hometown are the highest, subjective perception effect is highest for local entrepreneurship. The gender, age, and whether they are household heads of the household head have different impacts on family living standards. At last, this paper discusses the choice of employment mode, household living standards, and the research value of household heads among rural migrant workers.
中国已将“大众创业、万众创新”作为一项重要战略部署，并且在2020年，中国提出进一步推动农民工返乡创业高质量发展。对于农民工而言，上述政策所倡导的就业模式对应着在本人户籍所在地创业和返乡创业。因此，本研究旨在探讨农民工不同就业模式对其家庭生活水平的影响。他们收入多少？消费支出多少？扣除开支后还剩多少？他们对生活水平的主观感受如何？等等。通过对这些方面进行比较研究，可为未来政策制定和家庭决策提供依据。基于中国家庭收入调查（CHIP）数据，本文通过描述性分析、基线回归分析、异质性分析和稳健性检验，比较了农民工户主就业模式对主观和客观家庭生活水平的不同影响。得出以下结论：户主就业模式对农民工家庭生活水平有显著不同影响。具体而言，与受雇相比，创业使家庭收入增加25.71%，人均消费支出提高19.05%，家庭生活水平主观感受提升41.27%。与外出打工相比，返乡创业的收入效应和人均消费支出效应最高，本地创业的主观感受效应最高。户主的性别、年龄以及是否为户主对家庭生活水平有不同影响。最后，本文探讨了农民工就业模式的选择、家庭生活水平以及户主的研究价值。
