A study on the macro and micro mechanisms of cotton seedling growth regulation by high-voltage electrostatic field and optimization of system parameters.

Addressing the issues of inefficiency and severe environmental pollution associated with artificial and chemical methods in cotton growth regulation, this study introduces the high-voltage electrostatic field environmental control technology. It delves into the technology's macro- and microscopic impacts on cotton seedling growth and optimizes its operational parameters. At the macro level, the study examines the influence of adjusting the output voltage of the high-voltage electrostatic generator, the distance between the upper pole plate and the cotton leaf, and the action time of the electric field on seedling features above (plant height, ground diameter, and leaf area) and below ground (fresh weight and dry weight of roots). Subsequently, utilizing an orthogonal experimental design, the optimal parameters are identified: output voltage of 15.93 kV, a distance of 10.71 cm between the pole plate and cotton leaf, and an action time of 39.23 s, resulting in the most favorable overall growth condition. At the micro level, conductivity meters and transmission electron microscopy techniques are employed to investigate leaf electrical conductivity and ultrastructure changes under a high-voltage electrostatic field. Results indicate a slight conductivity increase under moderate conditions (e.g., 18 kV-8 cm), signifying healthy cell membranes. Conversely, extreme conditions (e.g., 18 kV-2 cm or 36 kV-8 cm) cause marked conductivity spikes, pointing to cellular damage. Transmission electron microscopy observations reinforce this, with intact membranes under optimal conditions but disintegration and degradation under adverse ones. In conclusion, this study unravels the internal mechanisms of high-voltage electrostatic field regulation on cotton seedling growth from macro- to micro-scales, validating its feasibility and effectiveness. This breakthrough not only pioneers a novel approach for cash crop seedling growth control but also lays a scientific foundation for refining and advancing cotton cultivation techniques, thereby advancing agricultural modernization and sustainable development goals.