Zhou Miaomiao, Huang Fei, Du Xinyi, Liu Guiqin, Wang Changfa
College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Nov 18;11:1489480. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1489480. eCollection 2024.
The fermented residue (FCPR) has a promoting effect on animal health, but it has not been studied in livestock feed. This study investigated the effects of FCPR addition on the milk performance, milk metabolites, and blood biochemical parameters and metabolites of lactating donkeys. Twelve healthy multiparous lactating Dezhou donkeys were randomly divided into two groups (with 6 donkeys in each group): control group (without FCPR, C) and FCPR group (200 g of FCPR per head per day, FF). The experiment lasted for 5 weeks. The milk and blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment. The results showed that addition of FCPR significantly increased the daily milk yield and the milk components (protein, lactose, solids, solids-not-fat, and lactoferrin) yield of lactating donkeys and the weight gain of foals ( < 0.05). A total of 568 metabolites were detected in donkey milk, including 21 differential metabolites between group FF and group C. Compared to group C, the significantly up-regulated metabolic pathway in the FF group was renin secretion ( < 0.05). In addition, the FCPR significantly increased the concentrations of urea, complement C4 (C4), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and catalase (CAT) in the blood, while reducing the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) ( < 0.05). A total of 753 metabolites were detected in serum of donkeys, including 86 differential metabolites between group FF and group C. Compared to group C, the significantly up-regulated metabolic pathways in the FF group were renin secretion, cAMP signaling pathway, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, and fatty acid biosynthesis ( < 0.05). The above results indicated that FCPR addition enhance the milk performance of lactating donkeys by activating the immune system, increasing the antioxidant capacity, and improving the glucose and lipid metabolism. These results provide a foundation for the development and utilization of FCPR additives, which is beneficial for livestock production and improving animal welfare.
发酵残渣（FCPR）对动物健康具有促进作用，但尚未在牲畜饲料中进行研究。本研究调查了添加FCPR对泌乳期母驴的产奶性能、乳汁代谢产物以及血液生化参数和代谢产物的影响。将12头健康的经产泌乳德州母驴随机分为两组（每组6头）：对照组（不添加FCPR，C组）和FCPR组（每头每天添加200克FCPR，FF组）。实验持续5周。在实验结束时采集乳汁和血液样本。结果表明，添加FCPR显著提高了泌乳期母驴的日产奶量、乳汁成分（蛋白质、乳糖、固体物、非脂固体物和乳铁蛋白）产量以及驹的体重增加量（P<0.05）。在驴乳中共检测到568种代谢产物，其中FF组和C组之间有21种差异代谢产物。与C组相比，FF组中显著上调的代谢途径是肾素分泌（P<0.05）。此外，FCPR显著提高了血液中尿素、补体C4（C4）、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的浓度，同时降低了丙二醛（MDA）的浓度（P<0.05）。在驴血清中共检测到753种代谢产物，其中FF组和C组之间有86种差异代谢产物。与C组相比，FF组中显著上调的代谢途径是肾素分泌、cAMP信号通路、脂肪细胞中脂解的调节以及脂肪酸生物合成（P<0.05）。上述结果表明，添加FCPR通过激活免疫系统、提高抗氧化能力以及改善糖脂代谢来增强泌乳期母驴的产奶性能。这些结果为FCPR添加剂的开发利用提供了依据，有利于牲畜生产和改善动物福利。
