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无金属四吡咯大环作为催化剂的应用进展。

Advances in the use of metal-free tetrapyrrolic macrocycles as catalysts.

作者信息

Chahal Mandeep K

机构信息

School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK.

出版信息

Beilstein J Org Chem. 2024 Nov 27;20:3085-3112. doi: 10.3762/bjoc.20.257. eCollection 2024.

DOI:10.3762/bjoc.20.257
PMID:39624654
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11610490/
Abstract

This review provides an overview of recent progress made in the field of catalysis using metal-free tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, focusing on calix[4]pyrroles, porphyrins and corroles, which are structurally related to porphyrins. Calix[4]pyrroles are versatile receptors in supramolecular chemistry while porphyrins are considered as 'pigment of life' due to their role in vital biological processes. Beyond their natural functions, synthetic porphyrins have been applied in various fields, including organometallic catalysis, dye-sensitized solar cells, sensing, artificial olfactory systems, photodynamic therapy (PDT), anticancer drugs, biochemical probes, and electrochemical devices. Relevant examples of these two pyrrolic macrocycles as metal-free organocatalysts, photocatalysts, and electrocatalysts are presented here. The effect of macrocyclic structural modifications such as their functionalization with different substituents, distortion from planarity, conformational flexibility and rigidity towards catalytic activity are presented, highlighting the potential of these two macrocycles as metal-free catalysts.

摘要

本综述概述了使用无金属四吡咯大环化合物在催化领域取得的最新进展，重点关注与卟啉结构相关的杯[4]吡咯、卟啉和corrole。杯[4]吡咯是超分子化学中通用的受体，而卟啉因其在重要生物过程中的作用被视为“生命色素”。除了它们的天然功能外，合成卟啉已应用于各个领域，包括有机金属催化、染料敏化太阳能电池、传感、人工嗅觉系统、光动力疗法（PDT）、抗癌药物、生化探针和电化学装置。本文展示了这两种吡咯大环化合物作为无金属有机催化剂、光催化剂和电催化剂的相关实例。介绍了大环结构修饰（如用不同取代基进行功能化、偏离平面性、构象灵活性和刚性）对催化活性的影响，突出了这两种大环化合物作为无金属催化剂的潜力。

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