He Qiang, Li Wei, Miao Yuqing, Wang Yu, Liu Ningkun, Liu Jianan, Li Tao, Xiao Yao, Zhang Hongyu, Wang Yaru, Liang Hanfei, Yun Yange, Wang Shuhui, Sun Qingbin, Wang Hongru, Gong Zhizhong, Du Huilong
College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
Nat Plants. 2024 Dec;10(12):2062-2078. doi: 10.1038/s41477-024-01866-x. Epub 2024 Dec 3.
Avena sterilis, the ancestral species of cultivated oats, is a valuable genetic resource for oat improvement. Here we generated a near-complete 10.99 Gb A. sterilis genome and a high-quality 10.89 Gb cultivated oat genome. Genome evolution analysis revealed the centromeres dynamic and structural variations landscape associated with domestication between wild and cultivated oats. Population genetic analysis of 117 wild and cultivated oat accessions worldwide detected many candidate genes associated with important agronomic traits for oat domestication and improvement. Remarkably, a large fragment duplication from chromosomes 4A to 4D harbouring many agronomically important genes was detected during oat domestication and was fixed in almost all cultivated oats from around the world. The genes in the duplication region from 4A showed significantly higher expression levels and lower methylation levels than the orthologous genes located on 4D in A. sterilis. This study provides valuable resources for evolutionary and functional genomics and genetic improvement of oat.
野生燕麦（Avena sterilis）是栽培燕麦的祖先物种，是燕麦改良的重要遗传资源。在此，我们构建了一个近完整的10.99Gb野生燕麦基因组和一个高质量的10.89Gb栽培燕麦基因组。基因组进化分析揭示了野生燕麦和栽培燕麦之间与驯化相关的着丝粒动态和结构变异图谱。对全球117份野生和栽培燕麦种质进行的群体遗传分析，检测到许多与燕麦驯化和改良重要农艺性状相关的候选基因。值得注意的是，在燕麦驯化过程中检测到一个从4A染色体到4D染色体的大片段重复，其中包含许多重要的农艺基因，并且在几乎所有来自世界各地的栽培燕麦中都固定下来。4A染色体重复区域中的基因比野生燕麦4D染色体上的直系同源基因表现出显著更高的表达水平和更低的甲基化水平。本研究为燕麦的进化和功能基因组学以及遗传改良提供了宝贵资源。
