Salikin Nor Hawani, Keong Lee Chee, Azemin Wan-Atirah, Philip Noraini, Yusuf Nurhaida, Daud Siti Aisyah, Rashid Syarifah Ab
School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2024 Dec 4;40(12):402. doi: 10.1007/s11274-024-04190-w.
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus represents a major global health issue resulting in a wide range of debilitating infections and fatalities. The slow progression of new antibiotics, limited choices for treatment, and scarcity of new drug approvals create immense obstacles in new drug line development. S. aureus poses a significant public health risk, due to the emergence of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant strains (VRSA), necessitating novel antibiotics for effective control management. Current studies are delving into the terpenes' potential as an antimicrobial agent, indicating positive prospects as promising substitutes or complementary to conventional antibiotics. Concurrent reactions of terpenes with conventional antibiotics create synergistic effects that significantly enhance antibiotic efficacy. Accumulated evidence has shown that while efflux pump (e.g., NorA, TetK, and MepA) is revealed as an essential defense of S. aureus against antibiotics, terpene and its derivative act as its potent inhibitor, suggesting the promising potential of terpenes in combating those infectious pathogens. Furthermore, pronounced cell membrane disruptive activity and antibiofilm properties by terpenes have been exerted, signifying their significance as promising prevention against microbial pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance. This review provides an overview of the potential of terpenes and their derivatives in combating S. aureus infections, highlighting their potential mechanisms of action (MOA), synergistic effects with conventional antibiotics, and challenges in clinical translation. The unique properties of terpenes offer an opportunity for their use in developing an exceptional defense strategy against antibiotic-resistant S. aureus.
多重耐药（MDR）金黄色葡萄球菌是一个重大的全球健康问题，会导致各种使人衰弱的感染和死亡。新抗生素研发进展缓慢、治疗选择有限以及新药获批数量稀少，给新药研发带来了巨大障碍。由于耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）和耐万古霉素菌株（VRSA）的出现，金黄色葡萄球菌构成了重大的公共卫生风险，因此需要新型抗生素来进行有效的控制管理。目前的研究正在深入探讨萜类化合物作为抗菌剂的潜力，显示出其作为传统抗生素的有前景的替代品或补充剂的积极前景。萜类化合物与传统抗生素的协同反应产生增效作用，可显著提高抗生素疗效。越来越多的证据表明，虽然外排泵（如NorA、TetK和MepA）是金黄色葡萄球菌对抗生素的重要防御机制，但萜类化合物及其衍生物是其有效的抑制剂，这表明萜类化合物在对抗这些感染性病原体方面具有广阔的潜力。此外，萜类化合物还具有显著的细胞膜破坏活性和抗生物膜特性，这表明它们在预防微生物发病机制和抗菌耐药性方面具有重要意义。本综述概述了萜类化合物及其衍生物在对抗金黄色葡萄球菌感染方面的潜力，强调了它们潜在的作用机制（MOA）、与传统抗生素的协同效应以及临床转化面临的挑战。萜类化合物的独特性质为开发针对耐抗生素金黄色葡萄球菌的卓越防御策略提供了机会。
