Nowlen Todd T, Harahsheh Ashraf S, Raghuveer Geetha, Lee Simon, Yetman Anji T, Dahdah Nagib, Portman Michael A, Jain Supriya S, Khoury Michael, Tierney Selemet, Manlhiot Cedric, Farid Pedrom, McCrindle Brian W
Phoenix Children's, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Children's National Hospital, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
Cardiol Young. 2024 Nov;34(11):2329-2332. doi: 10.1017/S1047951124036047. Epub 2024 Dec 4.
The incidence of Kawasaki Disease has a peak in the winter months with a trough in late summer/early fall. Environmental/exposure factors have been associated with a time-varying incidence. These factors were altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was performed through the International Kawasaki Disease Registry. Data from patients diagnosed with acute Kawasaki Disease and Multiple Inflammatory Syndrome-Children were obtained. Guideline case definitions were used to confirm site diagnosis. Enrollment was from 1/2020 to 7/2023. The number of patients was plotted over time. The patients/month were tabulated for the anticipated peak Kawasaki Disease season (December-April) and non-peak season (May-November). Data were available for 1975 patients from 11 large North American sites with verified complete data and uninterrupted site reporting. The diagnosis criteria were met for 531 Kawasaki Disease and 907 Multiple Inflammatory Syndrome-Children patients. For Multiple Inflammatory Syndrome-Children there were peaks in January of 2021 and 2022. For Kawasaki Disease, 2020 began (January-March) with a seasonal peak (peak 26, mean 21) with a subsequent fall in the number of cases/month (mean 11). After the onset of the pandemic (April 2020), there was no clear seasonal Kawasaki Disease variation (December-April mean 12 cases/month and May-November mean 10 cases/month). During the pandemic, the prevalence of Kawasaki Disease decreased and the usual seasonality was abolished. This may represent the impact of pandemic public health measures in altering environmental/exposure aetiologic factors contributing to the incidence of Kawasaki Disease.
川崎病的发病率在冬季达到高峰，在夏末/初秋处于低谷。环境/暴露因素与随时间变化的发病率相关。在新冠疫情期间，这些因素发生了改变。该研究通过国际川崎病登记处进行。获取了被诊断为急性川崎病和儿童多系统炎症综合征患者的数据。采用指南中的病例定义来确认现场诊断。研究纳入时间为2020年1月至2023年7月。将患者数量随时间绘制图表。列出了预期的川崎病高峰季节（12月至4月）和非高峰季节（5月至11月）每月的患者数量。来自北美11个大型地点的1975名患者的数据可供使用，数据经过验证且完整，各地点报告无中断。531名患者符合川崎病诊断标准，907名患者符合儿童多系统炎症综合征诊断标准。儿童多系统炎症综合征在2021年1月和2022年1月出现高峰。对于川崎病，2020年开始时（1月至3月）有一个季节性高峰（峰值26，均值21），随后每月病例数下降（均值11）。在疫情爆发后（2020年4月），川崎病没有明显的季节性变化（12月至4月均值为每月12例，5月至11月均值为每月10例）。在疫情期间，川崎病的患病率下降，通常的季节性消失。这可能代表了疫情期间公共卫生措施对改变导致川崎病发病率的环境/暴露病因因素的影响。
