Tian Zhi-Jun, He Fu-Bing, Jiang Yu-Cong, Zhao Yun-Feng, Zhang Tao, Li Jia-Ying
Beijing Institute of Mineral Geology, Beijing 101500, China.
Beijing Institute of Geological Survey, Beijing 100195, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2024 Dec 8;45(12):7218-7225. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202309238.
A contamination analysis was conducted on the soil and crops in the Liu Jia Dian gold mining area of the Pinggu District, Beijing, utilizing the contents and seven-step forms of heavy metals （Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, and As） in soil and the heavy metal contents in crops at the same location. An assessment of ecological risk caused by heavy metal contamination in the soil and crops was carried out using the enrichment coefficient method and the risk assessment coding method. The study investigated the process of heavy metal absorption and enrichment in the soil-crop system, aiming to establish a scientific foundation for preventing and controlling soil pollution, as well as ensuring the safety of edible crops in the study area. Evidence indicated the presence of soil contamination by heavy metals in the study area, with Cd, Pb, and As being the primary pollutants. Moreover, the distribution of pollution levels could be categorized as severe, moderate, and mild, with proportions of 26.09%, 4.35%, and 10.87%, respectively. The content of each heavy metal decreased following the implementation of environmental governance； however, the ecological risk remains present. Hg, Cr, Pb, and As posed minor ecological risks； however, Cd had a high ecological risk, making it the primary soil ecological risk factor. Fruits, nuts, and cereals in the Pinggu gold mining area remained uncontaminated. Various degrees of contamination were found in melons, rhizomes, and leafy vegetables. The Chinese cabbage, Chinese chive, radish, and eggplant were heavily contaminated, with Cd and Pb being the primary sources of contamination. The accumulation of heavy metals in crops was intricately linked to gold mines and their mining operations. The accumulation of Cd in crops was mainly influenced by the high availability of Cd in soil, whereas the accumulation of Pb was mainly influenced by the high concentration of Pb in the soil. The concentration of heavy metals in the soil and their bioavailability in the Pinggu gold mining area indicated the accumulation of metal elements in crops and impacted the geographical distribution of heavy metal pollution in crops. The physiological characteristics of crops could affect the degree of heavy metal enrichment in the gold mining area. The order of heavy metal accumulation, from highest to lowest, was as follows： leafy vegetables, melons, rhizomes, cereal, fruits, and nuts. Peppers and eggplants were limited in their planting variations for melons, while leeks and cabbages were restricted for leafy vegetables, given the current agricultural planting conditions in the study area.
利用北京平谷区刘家店金矿矿区土壤中重金属（汞、镉、铬、铅和砷）的含量及七步形态以及同一地点农作物中的重金属含量，对该矿区的土壤和农作物进行了污染分析。采用富集系数法和风险评估编码法，对土壤和农作物中重金属污染所造成的生态风险进行了评估。本研究调查了土壤 - 作物系统中重金属吸收和富集的过程，旨在为防治土壤污染以及确保研究区域内可食用作物的安全建立科学依据。证据表明，研究区域存在重金属土壤污染，镉、铅和砷为主要污染物。此外，污染程度分布可分为重度、中度和轻度，比例分别为26.09%、4.35%和10.87%。实施环境治理后，各重金属含量均有所下降；然而，生态风险依然存在。汞、铬、铅和砷构成较小的生态风险；然而，镉具有较高的生态风险，使其成为主要的土壤生态风险因素。平谷金矿矿区的水果、坚果和谷物未受污染。瓜类、根茎类和叶菜类蔬菜存在不同程度的污染。大白菜、韭菜、萝卜和茄子污染严重，镉和铅为主要污染来源。农作物中重金属的积累与金矿及其开采作业密切相关。作物中镉的积累主要受土壤中镉高有效性的影响，而铅的积累主要受土壤中高浓度铅的影响。平谷金矿矿区土壤中重金属的浓度及其生物有效性表明了金属元素在作物中的积累，并影响了作物中重金属污染的地理分布。作物的生理特性可能影响金矿矿区重金属富集程度。重金属积累顺序由高到低依次为：叶菜类、瓜类、根茎类、谷类、水果和坚果。鉴于研究区域目前的农业种植条件，辣椒和茄子对瓜类的种植变异有限，韭菜和白菜对叶菜类的种植变异有限。
