Wang Xiao-Jing, Zhang Dong-Ming, Zhao Shao-Ting, Su Qi, Lü Jia-Long, Dai Yun-Chao
Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
Xi'an Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Xi'an 710000, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2024 Dec 8;45(12):7237-7244. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202312232.
This study sought to explore the effects of passivator, leaf inhibitor, and their combination on cadmium （Cd）-contaminated farmland and to realize the safe utilization of cultivated land. Coconut shell biochar and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer were selected as soil passivators and foliar selenium fertilizer was used as a foliar inhibitor. The best combination was selected through a wheat-maize rotation experiment. The results showed that： ① The soil pH, organic matter content, and CEC could be improved to varying degrees by the application of passivators. ② The grain yield of wheat and maize increased to different degrees after the application of the passivator and foliar inhibitor. ③ The BFL treatment （biochar 1 800 kg·hm +calcium magnesium phosphate 600 kg hm + foliar inhibitor 3 L·hm） during the maize season had the best effect, which was significantly lower than that in CK by 13.85%. The effect of the BF treatment （biochar 1 800 kg·hm + calcium magnesium phosphate 600 kg·hm） in wheat season was the best, which was significantly reduced by 11.21% compared with that in CK. ④ The BF treatment （biochar 1 800 kg·hm + calcium magnesium phosphate 600 kg·hm） had the best effect on reducing Cd content in roots, straws, and grains of maize and wheat, reducing Cd content in roots of wheat and maize by 20.55% and 27.81%, Cd content in straws by 11.39% and 13.70%, and Cd content in grains by 48.97% and 50.44%, respectively. Therefore, considering all the indexes, the combination of passivators and foliar inhibitor, especially biochar combined with calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and biochar and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer combined with foliar inhibitor, could more effectively reduce the absorption, transport, and enrichment of Cd in maize and wheat and could be popularized and applied in safe use cultivated land.
本研究旨在探讨钝化剂、叶面抑制剂及其组合对镉（Cd）污染农田的影响，实现耕地的安全利用。选用椰壳生物炭和钙镁磷肥作为土壤钝化剂，叶面喷施硒肥作为叶面抑制剂。通过小麦-玉米轮作试验筛选出最佳组合。结果表明：①施用钝化剂可不同程度提高土壤pH值、有机质含量和阳离子交换量。②施用钝化剂和叶面抑制剂后，小麦和玉米的籽粒产量均有不同程度增加。③玉米季BFL处理（生物炭1 800 kg·hm +钙镁磷肥600 kg hm +叶面抑制剂3 L·hm）效果最佳，Cd含量比对照显著降低13.85%。小麦季BF处理（生物炭1 800 kg·hm +钙镁磷肥600 kg·hm）效果最佳，Cd含量比对照显著降低11.21%。④BF处理（生物炭1 800 kg·hm +钙镁磷肥600 kg·hm）对降低玉米和小麦根、茎、籽粒中Cd含量效果最佳，小麦和玉米根中Cd含量分别降低20.55%和27.81%，茎中Cd含量分别降低11.39%和13.70%，籽粒中Cd含量分别降低48.97%和50.44%。因此，综合各项指标，钝化剂与叶面抑制剂组合，尤其是生物炭与钙镁磷肥组合以及生物炭、钙镁磷肥与叶面抑制剂组合，能更有效地降低玉米和小麦对Cd的吸收、转运和富集，可在安全利用耕地上推广应用。
