Zhang Wei, Lü Tong, Liu Jian-Wei, Gao Yue, Zhou Xu, Cao Hong-Bin
Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2024 Nov 8;45(11):6229-6237. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202312063.
To evaluate the effectiveness of air pollution prevention and control measures in Beijing, this study measured the content of 13 metal elements, including seven heavy metal elements [As, Cd, Co, Cr（Ⅵ）, Ni, Pb, and V], through daily PM sampling （ = 934） in the urban area of Beijing for four years. We analyzed the interannual changes in the concentration levels of various metals and the differences between heating and non-heating seasons, used a positive definite matrix factorization （PMF） model for quantitative source analysis, and used health risk assessment methods to evaluate the health risks of six metals. The results showed that, except for a few metal elements such as Cr（Ⅵ） and Ni, which showed an increase in concentration in individual years, the overall concentration of each element showed a downward trend. The concentrations of ten metals, including V, Co, Pb, and Mn, during the heating season were significantly higher than those during the non-heating season （<0.05）. There were five main types of atmospheric heavy metal pollution sources in Beijing： dust sources, transportation sources, coal sources, industrial sources, and fuel oil combustion sources. Among them, the proportion of coal sources was generally decreasing. The HQ values of each metal were all less than 1, indicating no non-carcinogenic health risk. The carcinogenic risk of Ni and Cd could be ignored, while the values of As, Co, and Cr（Ⅵ） in each year were between 10 and 10, indicating a certain carcinogenic risk. The interannual trends in atmospheric concentration, sources, and health risks indicate that the relevant measures for air pollution prevention and control in Beijing have achieved positive results.
为评估北京大气污染防治措施的成效，本研究通过对北京城区连续四年的每日PM采样（ = 934），测定了包括7种重金属元素[砷（As）、镉（Cd）、钴（Co）、铬（Ⅵ）（Cr（Ⅵ））、镍（Ni）、铅（Pb）和钒（V）]在内的13种金属元素的含量。分析了各类金属浓度水平的年际变化以及供暖季与非供暖季之间的差异，采用正定矩阵因子分解（PMF）模型进行定量源解析，并运用健康风险评估方法评估了6种金属的健康风险。结果表明，除个别年份铬（Ⅵ）、镍等少数金属元素浓度有所上升外，各元素总体浓度呈下降趋势。供暖季钒、钴、铅、锰等10种金属的浓度显著高于非供暖季（ < 0.05）。北京大气重金属污染源主要有五类：扬尘源、交通源、煤炭源、工业源和燃油燃烧源。其中，煤炭源占比总体呈下降趋势。各金属的HQ值均小于1，表明不存在非致癌健康风险。镍和镉的致癌风险可忽略不计，而各年份砷、钴、铬（Ⅵ）的 值在10至10之间，表明存在一定致癌风险。大气浓度、来源及健康风险的年际变化趋势表明，北京大气污染防治相关措施取得了积极成效。
