Leshem Oded Adomi, Halperin Eran
Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Front Psychol. 2024 Nov 19;15:1456303. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1456303. eCollection 2024.
What is hope, and how can we measure it? These questions have occupied the minds of hope scholars across disciplines. This article outlines a comprehensive approach to understanding hope: the Bidimensional Model of Hope. Building on the standard definition of hope, the bidimensional model explores hope as the intersection between wishes (desires, aspirations) and expectations (assessment of possibility). Hope is thus located on a bidimensional plane with two perpendicular axes; one corresponds to the levels of wishes to achieve an outcome, and the second to the levels of expectations of achieving the outcome. We claim that the bidimensional approach is comprehensive enough to include existing definitions of hope while being parsimonious, versatile, and applicable to many contexts, including those where the hoped-for outcome is beyond people's actual or perceived control. We show the model's theoretical and methodological utility and its use in existing qualitative and quantitative research on hope in the context of intractable international conflicts. We end with suggesting pathways for developing and applying the Bidimensional Model of Hope to assist hope research in a variety of contexts and disciplines.
希望是什么，我们又如何衡量它？这些问题一直萦绕在跨学科的希望研究学者心头。本文概述了一种理解希望的综合方法：希望的二维模型。基于希望的标准定义，二维模型将希望探索为愿望（欲望、抱负）与期望（对可能性的评估）的交集。因此，希望位于一个具有两条垂直轴的二维平面上；一条对应实现某一结果的愿望水平，另一条对应实现该结果的期望水平。我们认为，二维方法足够全面，既能涵盖现有的希望定义，又简洁、通用且适用于多种情境，包括那些期望的结果超出人们实际或感知控制范围的情境。我们展示了该模型的理论和方法效用，以及它在关于棘手国际冲突背景下希望的现有定性和定量研究中的应用。最后，我们提出了发展和应用希望二维模型的途径，以协助在各种情境和学科中开展希望研究。
