Ramos Sérgio, Júnior Edivaldo, Alegria Oscar, Vieira Elianne, Patroca Sandro, Cecília Ana, Moreira Fabiano, Nunes Adriana
Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and Systems Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.
Oncology Research Center, João de Barros Barreto Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Nov 19;15:1466353. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1466353. eCollection 2024.
The advancement of antimicrobial resistance is a significant public health issue today. With the spread of resistant bacterial strains in water resources, especially in urban sewage, metagenomic studies enable the investigation of the microbial composition and resistance genes present in these locations. This study characterized the bacterial community and antibiotic resistance genes in a sewage system that receives effluents from various sources through metagenomics.
One liter of surface water was collected at four points of a sewage channel, and after filtration, the total DNA was extracted and then sequenced on an NGS platform (Illumina® NextSeq). The sequenced data were trimmed, and the microbiome was predicted using the Kraken software, while the resistome was analyzed on the CARD webserver. All ecological and statistical analyses were performed using the. RStudio tool.
The complete metagenome results showed a community with high diversity at the beginning and more restricted diversity at the end of the sampling, with a predominance of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. Most species were considered pathogenic, with an emphasis on those belonging to the family. It was possible to identify bacterial groups of different threat levels to human health according to a report by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The resistome analysis predominantly revealed genes that confer resistance to multiple drugs, followed by aminoglycosides and macrolides, with efflux pumps and drug inactivation being the most prevalent resistance mechanisms. This work was pioneering in characterizing resistance in a sanitary environment in the Amazon region and reinforces that sanitation measures for urban sewage are necessary to prevent the advancement of antibiotic resistance and the contamination of water resources, as evidenced by the process of eutrophication.
抗菌素耐药性的发展是当今一个重大的公共卫生问题。随着耐药细菌菌株在水资源中传播，尤其是在城市污水中，宏基因组学研究有助于调查这些地方存在的微生物组成和耐药基因。本研究通过宏基因组学对一个接收来自各种来源废水的污水系统中的细菌群落和抗生素耐药基因进行了表征。
在一条污水渠道的四个点采集了一升地表水，过滤后提取总DNA，然后在NGS平台（Illumina® NextSeq）上进行测序。对测序数据进行修剪，使用Kraken软件预测微生物群落，同时在CARD网络服务器上分析耐药基因组。所有生态和统计分析均使用RStudio工具进行。
完整的宏基因组结果显示，采样开始时群落多样性高，结束时多样性更受限，优势菌门为拟杆菌门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门。大多数物种被认为是致病的，重点是属于该科的物种。根据美国疾病控制与预防中心的一份报告，可以确定对人类健康具有不同威胁水平的细菌群。耐药基因组分析主要揭示了赋予对多种药物耐药性的基因，其次是氨基糖苷类和大环内酯类，外排泵和药物失活是最普遍的耐药机制。这项工作在表征亚马逊地区卫生环境中的耐药性方面具有开创性，并强调城市污水的卫生措施对于防止抗生素耐药性的发展和水资源污染是必要的，富营养化过程证明了这一点。
