Savvidou Eleni K, Rensmo Amanda, Benskin Jonathan P, Schellenberger Steffen, Hu Xianfeng, Weil Marcel, Cousins Ian T
Stockholm University, Department of Environmental Science, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Environment and Sustainable Chemistry Unit, SE-114 28 Stockholm, Sweden.
Environ Sci Technol. 2024 Dec 17;58(50):21908-21917. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c06083. Epub 2024 Dec 4.
The class-wide restriction proposal on perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the European Union is expected to affect a wide range of commercial sectors, including the lithium-ion battery (LIB) industry, where both polymeric and low molecular weight PFAS are used. The PFAS restriction dossiers currently state that there is weak evidence for viable alternatives to the use of PFAS in LIBs. In this Perspective, we summarize both the peer-reviewed literature and expert opinions from academia and industry to verify the legitimacy of the claims surrounding the lack of alternatives. Our assessment is limited to the electrodes and electrolyte, which account for the most critical uses of PFAS in LIB cells. Companies that already offer or are developing PFAS-free electrode and electrolyte materials were identified. There are also indications that PFAS-free electrolytes are in development by at least one other company, but there is no information regarding the alternative chemistries being proposed. Our review suggests that it is technically feasible to make PFAS-free batteries for battery applications, but PFAS-free solutions are not currently well-established on the market. Successful substitution of PFAS will require an appropriate balance among battery performance, the environmental effects associated with hazardous materials and chemicals, and economic considerations.
欧盟针对全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）的全行业限制提案预计将影响广泛的商业领域，包括锂离子电池（LIB）行业，该行业使用聚合型和低分子量的PFAS。目前的PFAS限制档案表明，在LIB中使用PFAS的可行替代品的证据不足。在这篇观点文章中，我们总结了同行评议的文献以及学术界和工业界的专家意见，以验证围绕缺乏替代品的说法的合理性。我们的评估仅限于电极和电解质，它们占LIB电池中PFAS最关键的用途。我们确定了已经提供或正在开发无PFAS电极和电解质材料的公司。还有迹象表明，至少有另一家公司正在开发无PFAS电解质，但没有关于所提议的替代化学物质的信息。我们的综述表明，制造用于电池应用的无PFAS电池在技术上是可行的，但无PFAS解决方案目前在市场上尚未得到充分确立。成功替代PFAS将需要在电池性能、与有害物质和化学品相关的环境影响以及经济考虑之间取得适当平衡。
