Lanoë François, Reuther Joshua, Fields Stormy, Potter Ben, Smith Gerad, McKinney Holly, Halffman Carrin, Holmes Charles, Mills Robin, Crass Barbara, Frome Ryan, Hildebrandt Kyndall, Sattler Robert, Shirar Scott, de Flamingh Alida, Kemp Brian M, Malhi Ripan, Witt Kelsey E
School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Archaeology Department, University of Alaska Museum of the North, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
Sci Adv. 2024 Dec 6;10(49):eads1335. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.ads1335. Epub 2024 Dec 4.
Large canids (wolves, dogs, and coyote) and people form a close relationship in northern (subarctic and arctic) socioecological systems. Here, we document the antiquity of this bond and the multiple ways it manifested in interior Alaska, a region key to understanding the peopling of the Americas and early northern lifeways. We compile original and existing genomic, isotopic, and osteological canid data from archaeological, paleontological, and modern sites. Results show that in contrast to canids recovered in non-anthropic contexts, canids recovered in association with human occupations are markedly diverse. They include multiple species and intraspecific lineages, morphological variation, and diets ranging from terrestrial to marine. This variation is expressed along both geographic and temporal gradients, starting in the terminal Pleistocene with canids showing high marine dietary estimates. This paper provides evidence of the multiple ecological relationships between canids and people in the north-from predation, probable commensalism, and taming, to domestication-and of their early onset.
大型犬科动物（狼、狗和郊狼）与人类在北方（亚北极和北极）社会生态系统中形成了密切关系。在此，我们记录了这种联系的古老性以及它在阿拉斯加内陆地区的多种表现形式，该地区对于理解美洲的人类迁徙和早期北方生活方式至关重要。我们汇编了来自考古、古生物和现代遗址的原始及现有犬科动物基因组、同位素和骨骼学数据。结果表明，与在非人类环境中发现的犬科动物相比，与人类活动相关联发现的犬科动物明显具有多样性。它们包括多个物种和种内谱系、形态变异以及从陆地到海洋的不同饮食。这种变异沿着地理和时间梯度表现出来，始于末次冰期末期，当时犬科动物的海洋饮食估计值很高。本文提供了北方犬科动物与人类之间多种生态关系的证据——从捕食、可能的共生、驯化到驯服——以及它们的早期起源。
