Fukushima Yo, Ishimura Daisuke, Takahashi Naoya, Iwasa Yoshiya, Malatesta Luca C, Takahashi Takayuki, Tang Chi-Hsien, Yoshida Keisuke, Toda Shinji
International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Department of Geography, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.
Sci Adv. 2024 Dec 6;10(49):eadp9193. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adp9193. Epub 2024 Dec 4.
Landscapes are shaped by tectonic, climatic, and surface processes over geological timescales, but we rarely witness the events of marked landscape change. The moment magnitude 7.5 Noto Peninsula earthquake in central Japan was caused by a large thrust faulting, up to nearly 10 meters of slip, that expanded more than 150 kilometers along the fault zone. The deformation field reconstructed from satellite data and field surveys reveals up to 4.4 meters of uplift and associated coastal advance along the entire northern coast of the peninsula, meter-scale systematic movement of the mountain slopes consistent with slip on flexural faults, and activation of secondary inland faults, suggesting synchronized ruptures. The findings show excellent consistency between the coseismic deformation and geomorphic features and provide a vivid example of the role of a major earthquake in landscape formation.
在地质时间尺度上，地貌是由构造、气候和地表过程塑造的，但我们很少目睹显著的地貌变化事件。日本中部能登半岛发生的7.5级地震是由一次大型逆冲断层活动引起的，断层滑动达近10米，沿断层带延伸超过150公里。根据卫星数据和实地调查重建的变形场显示，半岛整个北海岸有高达4.4米的隆升及相关的海岸推进，山坡有米级的系统移动，与挠曲断层的滑动一致，还有内陆次级断层的活动，表明发生了同步破裂。这些发现表明同震变形与地貌特征之间具有高度一致性，并为大地震在地貌形成中的作用提供了一个生动的例子。
