Adenosine deaminase attenuates canine coronary vasodilation during systemic hypoxia.

The hypothesis that adenosine mediates the coronary vasodilatory response to hypoxia was tested by determining if intracoronary infusion of the adenosine degrading enzyme, adenosine deaminase (ADA), would attenuate this response. Efficacy of ADA was also evaluated by examining its effect on the coronary responses to exogenous adenosine and to 20-s myocardial ischemia. Experiments were conducted in 14 anesthetized, open-chest dogs ventilated 3-5 min with 3% O2-5% CO2-92% N2 to induce systemic hypoxia. Under control, pre-ADA conditions, hypoxia (arterial PO2 19 +/- 2 mmHg) caused left anterior descending (LAD) coronary blood flow to increase from 100 +/- 12 to 382 +/- 47 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1 (+282%). After infusion of ADA (5 U X kg-1 X min-1 for 8-10 min) into the LAD, equally severe hypoxia (arterial PO2 18 +/- 3 mmHg) caused a significantly smaller increase in LAD flow, 79 +/- 9 to 234 +/- 41 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1 (+195%). Oxygen consumption in the LAD perfusion field was unchanged by hypoxia before ADA but fell significantly during hypoxia after ADA. ADA also attenuated significantly the coronary vasodilatory response to exogenous adenosine and to 20-s ischemia. The results of this investigation demonstrate a significant role of adenosine in the coronary vasodilatory response to systemic hypoxia.