Lan Zhenwei, Chen Rui, Zou Da, Zhao Chun-Xia
School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jan;12(4):e2411278. doi: 10.1002/advs.202411278. Epub 2024 Dec 4.
A deeper understanding of disease heterogeneity highlights the urgent need for precision medicine. Microfluidics, with its unique advantages, such as high adjustability, diverse material selection, low cost, high processing efficiency, and minimal sample requirements, presents an ideal platform for precision medicine applications. As nanoparticles, both of biological origin and for therapeutic purposes, become increasingly important in precision medicine, microfluidic nanoparticle separation proves particularly advantageous for handling valuable samples in personalized medicine. This technology not only enhances detection, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment accuracy, but also reduces invasiveness in medical procedures. This review summarizes the fundamentals of microfluidic nanoparticle separation techniques for precision medicine, starting with an examination of nanoparticle properties essential for separation and the core principles that guide various microfluidic methods. It then explores passive, active, and hybrid separation techniques, detailing their principles, structures, and applications. Furthermore, the review highlights their contributions to advancements in liquid biopsy and nanomedicine. Finally, it addresses existing challenges and envisions future development spurred by emerging technologies such as advanced materials science, 3D printing, and artificial intelligence. These interdisciplinary collaborations are anticipated to propel the platformization of microfluidic separation techniques, significantly expanding their potential in precision medicine.
对疾病异质性的更深入理解凸显了精准医学的迫切需求。微流控技术具有高度可调节性、多样的材料选择、低成本、高处理效率和极少的样本需求等独特优势，为精准医学应用提供了一个理想平台。随着生物来源和治疗用途的纳米颗粒在精准医学中变得越来越重要，微流控纳米颗粒分离在处理个性化医疗中有价值的样本方面具有特别的优势。这项技术不仅提高了检测、诊断、监测和治疗的准确性，还降低了医疗程序的侵入性。本综述总结了用于精准医学的微流控纳米颗粒分离技术的基本原理，首先考察了分离所需的纳米颗粒特性以及指导各种微流控方法的核心原理。然后探讨了被动、主动和混合分离技术，详细介绍了它们的原理、结构和应用。此外，综述强调了它们对液体活检和纳米医学进展的贡献。最后，阐述了现有挑战，并展望了由先进材料科学、3D打印和人工智能等新兴技术推动的未来发展。预计这些跨学科合作将推动微流控分离技术的平台化，显著扩大其在精准医学中的潜力。
