Han Gyeong Hak, Yu Jihyun, Kang Min Joo, Park Mi-Jeong, Noh Choong Hwan, Kim Yun Jae, Kwon Kae Kyoung
Marine Biotechnology & Bioresource Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, 49111, Republic of Korea.
Marine Technology and Convergence Engineering, KIOST School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
Microb Ecol. 2024 Dec 5;87(1):153. doi: 10.1007/s00248-024-02467-z.
Phylosymbiosis is defined as the relationship in which the microbiome recapitulates the phylogeny of the host and has been demonstrated in a variety of terrestrial organisms, although it has been understudied in fish, the most phylogenetically diverse vertebrate. Given that the species-specificity of fish microbiomes was detected in multiple body parts and differed by body parts, we assumed that the phylogenetic reflection of the microbiome would differ across body parts. Thus, we analyze the difference of phylosymbiotic relationships in the microbial communities found in three body parts (skin, gills, and intestine) of seven wild fish species from four families (Labridae, Sebastidae, Sparidae, and Rajidae) via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Fishes were purchased at Docheon port market in Tongyeong City, Korea and were transported to nearby research institutes for aliveness. Mantel tests using dissimilarity values of microbiomes and hosts' divergence times showed that the differences in microbial communities in all three body parts were related to the hosts' divergence time. This pattern was the most pronounced in the skin. Furthermore, fishes from the same family showed similar bacterial compositions on their skins and gills, with clear differences depending on the family, with the exception of Labridae. These results suggest that the skin microbiome is particularly vulnerable to evolutionary pressures. We hypothesized that the evolution of the fish immune system and the difference in feeding habits induced the stronger phylosymbiotic signal in the skin. Collectively, this dataset will be useful for understanding the fish microbiome and give insights into phylosymbiosis of aquatic animals across body parts.
系统共生被定义为微生物群重现宿主系统发育的关系，并且已在多种陆生生物中得到证实，尽管在鱼类（系统发育上最多样化的脊椎动物）中对此研究不足。鉴于在多个身体部位检测到鱼类微生物群的物种特异性且因身体部位而异，我们推测微生物群的系统发育反映在不同身体部位会有所不同。因此，我们通过16S rRNA基因扩增子测序分析了来自四个科（隆头鱼科、平鲉科、鲷科和鳐科）的七种野生鱼类三个身体部位（皮肤、鳃和肠道）中微生物群落的系统共生关系差异。这些鱼在韩国统营市多cheon港口市场购买，并被运到附近的研究机构以确保存活。使用微生物群和宿主分歧时间的差异值进行的Mantel检验表明，所有三个身体部位的微生物群落差异都与宿主的分歧时间有关。这种模式在皮肤中最为明显。此外，来自同一科的鱼类在其皮肤和鳃上显示出相似的细菌组成，除隆头鱼科外，不同科之间存在明显差异。这些结果表明皮肤微生物群特别容易受到进化压力的影响。我们假设鱼类免疫系统的进化和摄食习惯的差异导致了皮肤中更强的系统共生信号。总的来说，这个数据集将有助于理解鱼类微生物群，并深入了解水生动物不同身体部位的系统共生情况。
