de Miranda Rodrigo Prado Rodrigues, Soares Talita Kellen Dos Anjos, Castro Daniele Pereira, Genta Fernando Ariel
Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Front Fungal Biol. 2024 Nov 20;5:1456964. doi: 10.3389/ffunb.2024.1456964. eCollection 2024.
The application of microorganisms as bio-control agents against arthropod populations is a need in many countries, especially in tropical, subtropical, and neotropical endemic areas. Several arthropod species became agricultural pests of paramount economic significance, and many methods have been developed for field and urban applications to prevent their, the most common being the application of chemical insecticides. However, the indiscriminate treatment based upon those substances acted as a selective pressure for upcoming resistant phenotype populations. As alternative tools, microorganisms have been prospected as complementary tools for pest and vectorial control, once they act in a more specific pattern against target organisms than chemicals. They are considered environmentally friendly since they have considerably less off-target effects. Entomopathogenic fungi are organisms capable of exerting pathogenesis in many vector species, thus becoming potential tools for biological management. The entomopathogenic fungi sp. have been investigated as a microbiological agent for the control of populations of insects in tropical regions. However, the development of entomopathogenic fungi as control tools depends on physiological studies regarding aspects such as mechanisms of pathogenicity, secreted enzymes, viability, and host-pathogen aspects. The following review briefly narrates current aspects of entomopathogenic fungi, such as physiology, cellular characteristics, host-pathogen interactions, and its previous applications against different insect orders with medical and economic importance. Approaches integrating new isolation, prospection, characterization, delivery strategies, formulations, and molecular and genetic tools will be decisive to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of EPFs and to develop more sustainable alternative pesticides.
在许多国家，尤其是热带、亚热带和新热带地区的流行区域，将微生物用作节肢动物种群的生物防治剂是一种需求。几种节肢动物物种已成为具有重大经济意义的农业害虫，并且已经开发出许多用于田间和城市应用以防治它们的方法，最常见的是使用化学杀虫剂。然而，基于这些物质的不加区分的处理对即将出现的抗性表型种群起到了选择压力的作用。作为替代工具，微生物已被视为害虫和病媒控制的补充工具，因为它们对目标生物的作用模式比化学物质更具特异性。它们被认为是环境友好的，因为它们的非靶标效应要小得多。昆虫病原真菌是能够在许多病媒物种中引发致病作用的生物体，因此成为生物管理的潜在工具。昆虫病原真菌 sp. 已被研究作为控制热带地区昆虫种群的微生物剂。然而，将昆虫病原真菌开发为控制工具取决于有关致病性机制、分泌酶、活力以及宿主 - 病原体等方面的生理学研究。以下综述简要叙述了昆虫病原真菌的当前方面，例如生理学、细胞特征、宿主 - 病原体相互作用以及其先前针对具有医学和经济重要性的不同昆虫目的应用。整合新的分离、勘探、表征、递送策略、制剂以及分子和遗传工具的方法对于阐明昆虫病原真菌的分子机制以及开发更可持续的替代农药将具有决定性作用。
