Renuka Siddaramegowda, Vani H Chalageri, Alex Eapen
ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research Field Unit, Bengaluru 562110, Karnataka, India.
ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research Field Unit, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
J Fungi (Basel). 2023 Feb 8;9(2):223. doi: 10.3390/jof9020223.
(Diptera: Culicidae) is the vector of urban malaria in India and has a significant impact in transmitting infection in cities and towns. Further, WHO has also alarmed its invasive nature as a threat to African countries. Entomopathogenic fungi such as and have been found to be highly effective in controlling vector mosquito populations and therefore could be used in integrated vector control programs. Before employing the entomopathogenic fungi into the control programs, an effective isolate must be selected. Two separate experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of (Bb5a and Bb-NBAIR) and (Ma4 and Ma-NBAIR) isolates against . Cement and mud panels were treated with fungal conidia with the concentration of 1 × 10 conidia/mL and adult mosquitoes were exposed to the treated panels (24 h after conidia were applied) by conducting WHO cone bioassay tests. The survival of the mosquitoes was monitored daily until the 10th day. In the second experiment, second instar larvae of were treated with fungal (Bb5a, Bb-NBAIR, Ma4 and Ma-NBAIR) conidia and blastospores with the spore concentration of 1 × 10 spores/mL. The survival of larvae was monitored until pupation. All the fungal isolates tested caused mortality in the adult mosquitoes, with varying median survival times. The Bb5a isolate reported lesser median survival times on both cement and mud panels (6 days). The treated mosquitoes showed similar survival rates for each fungal isolate irrespective of the panel type. There was no mortality in the treated larvae; however, a delay in larval development to pupae was observed compared with the untreated control larvae. Ma4-treated larvae took 11 days (95% CI = 10.7-11.2) to become pupae when compared with the untreated control larvae (6 days [95% CI = 5.6-6.3]). The findings of this study will be useful to consider EPF as a tool for the management of vector mosquitoes.
（双翅目：蚊科）是印度城市疟疾的传播媒介，在城镇传播感染方面具有重大影响。此外，世界卫生组织也警告了其具有入侵性，对非洲国家构成威胁。已发现诸如[具体真菌名称1]和[具体真菌名称2]等昆虫病原真菌在控制媒介蚊虫种群方面非常有效，因此可用于综合媒介控制计划。在将昆虫病原真菌应用于控制计划之前，必须选择有效的分离株。进行了两项独立实验，以评估[具体真菌名称1]（Bb5a和Bb - NBAIR）和[具体真菌名称2]（Ma4和Ma - NBAIR）分离株对[蚊虫名称]的功效。用浓度为1×10[具体数量]分生孢子/毫升的真菌分生孢子处理水泥板和泥板，并通过进行世卫组织锥形生物测定试验，让成年[蚊虫名称]接触处理过的板（接种分生孢子24小时后）。每天监测蚊虫的存活情况，直至第10天。在第二项实验中，用浓度为1×10[具体数量]孢子/毫升的真菌（Bb5a、Bb - NBAIR、Ma4和Ma - NBAIR）分生孢子和芽生孢子处理[蚊虫名称]的二龄幼虫。监测幼虫的存活情况直至化蛹。所有测试的真菌分离株都导致成年蚊虫死亡，中位存活时间各不相同。Bb5a分离株在水泥板和泥板上的中位存活时间都较短（6天）。无论板的类型如何，经处理的蚊虫对每种真菌分离株的存活率相似。经处理的幼虫没有死亡；然而，与未处理的对照幼虫相比，观察到幼虫发育至蛹的时间有所延迟。与未处理的对照幼虫（6天[95%置信区间 = 5.6 - 6.3]）相比，Ma4处理的幼虫需要11天（95%置信区间 = 10.7 - 11.2）才能化蛹。本研究的结果将有助于将昆虫病原真菌视为管理媒介蚊虫的一种工具。
